Sources of evaluative reinforcement.

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

2017 • 18,931 citations

Science and Human Behavior

1953 • 9,622 citations

Conflict, arousal, and curiosity.

1960 • 5,766 citations

Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

1963 • 4,784 citations

The nature of love.

1958 • 1,871 citations

Patterns of Culture

1934 • 1,858 citations

Learning Theory and Behavior

1962 • 1,634 citations

The Achievement Motive

1953 • 1,315 citations

Personality and Psychotherapy

1951 • 1,165 citations

Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension.

1962 • 966 citations

Patterns of Child Rearing, 1951-1958

2007 • 806 citations

Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog

1965 • 617 citations

Traumatic avoidance learning: the principles of anxiety conservation and partial irreversibility.

1954 • 420 citations

A REVIEW OF POSITIVE CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

1962 • 418 citations

Personality: A Biosocial Approach to Origins and Structure.

1948 • 274 citations

Learning and satiation of response in intrinsically motivated complex puzzle performance by monkeys.

1950 • 261 citations

The Motivation Of Behavior

1961 • 217 citations

Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence.

1965 • 170 citations

Eating and drinking as a function of maintenance schedule.

1953 • 168 citations

Effectiveness of token rewards for chimpanzees.

1936 • 167 citations

Patterns of Child Rearing. Robert R. Sears , Eleanor E. Maccoby , Harry Levin

1957 • 155 citations

Attachment behavior of mammals.

1966 • 154 citations

Conditioned frustration as a learned drive.

1963 • 151 citations

An experimental analogue of fear from a sense of helplessness.

1948 • 147 citations

Characteristics of a conditioned response in human subjects during extinction trials following a single traumatic conditioning trial.

1964 • 134 citations

The role of fear in the motivation and acquisition of responses.

1949 • 122 citations

Failure to find a learned drive based on hunger; evidence for learning motivated by "exploration."

1954 • 121 citations

Control of behavior in chimpanzees and pigeons by time out from positive reinforcement.

1958 • 119 citations

Food-tokens as incentives for learning by chimpanzees.

1937 • 118 citations

Learning and extinction based upon frustration, food reward, and exploratory tendency.

1956 • 117 citations

Clan, Caste and Club

1963 • 102 citations

Maze learning in the absence of primary reinforcement: a study of secondary reinforcement.

1949 • 86 citations

Response by rats to differential stimulus complexity.

1957 • 76 citations

Secondary reinforcement: A review of recent experimentation.

1958 • 69 citations

Activity as an autonomous drive.

1956 • 56 citations

Social Behavior and Personality: Contributions of W. I. Thomas to Theory and Social Research.

1951 • 51 citations

The hoarding instinct.

1947 • 51 citations

The relative effectiveness of secondary reinforcers throughout deprivation and habit-strength parameters.

1956 • 50 citations

The functional independence of two discrimination habits associated with a constant stimulus situation.

1955 • 47 citations

The secondary reinforcing value of food for thirsty animals.

1954 • 47 citations

Congenital insensitivity to pain: A critique.

1963 • 46 citations

Anxiety, pain, and the inhibition of distress.

1961 • 46 citations

Generalized conditioned reinforcement in satiated rats

1966 • 45 citations

Conditioned suppression and the information hypothesis.

1966 • 40 citations

Establishment of a conditioned drive based on the hunger drive.

1953 • 38 citations

Generalization of secondary reinforcement from the primary drive.

1949 • 37 citations

"Cognitive" learning in the absence of competition of incentives.

1949 • 34 citations

A study of motivating conditions necessary for secondary reinforcement.

1949 • 33 citations

Sustaining Behavior with Conditioned Reinforcement as the Only Response-Produced Consequence

1966 • 33 citations

TRANSFER ACROSS DRIVES OF THE DISCRIMINATIVE EFFECT OF A PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONED STIMULUS¹

1963 • 32 citations

Secondary reinforcement as affected by reward schedule and the testing situation.

1958 • 32 citations

Secondary motivation through classical conditioning: A reconsideration of the nature of backward conditioning.

1956 • 27 citations

The secondary reward value of inaccessible food for hungry and satiated rats.

1956 • 25 citations

Shuttle avoidance: Rapid acquisition by rats to a pressurized air unconditioned stimulus

1966 • 24 citations

A repetition of the Calvin-Bicknell-Sperling study of conditioned drive.

1954 • 23 citations

Test for a learned drive based on the hunger drive.

1965 • 22 citations

Failure to condition thirst induced by feeding dry food to hungry rats.

1962 • 20 citations

Secondary reinforcement strength as a function of schedule of primary reinforcement.

1961 • 17 citations

Non-alimentary components in the food-reinforcement of conditioned forelimb-flexion in food-satiated dogs.

1942 • 16 citations

A note on second-order conditioning—and secondary reinforcement.

1955 • 16 citations

Choice-point behavior as a function of secondary reinforcement with relevant drives satiated.

1953 • 15 citations

Strength of a generalized conditioned reinforcer as a function of variability of reward.

1961 • 14 citations

Transfer of secondary reinforcement across the hunger and thirst drives.

1955 • 12 citations

The secondary reward value of food for satiated animals.

1954 • 11 citations

The response to previous discriminanda during the learning of a new problem.

1962 • 7 citations

A further investigation of conditioned hunger

1966 • 7 citations

Inaccessible Food as a Secondary Reinforcer for Deprived and Satiated Rats

1962 • 6 citations

A test for generalized secondary reinforcement during extinction under a different drive.

1954 • 6 citations

UCS Intensity and Number of CS-UCS Pairings as Determiners of Conditioned Fear r

1964 • 6 citations

Conditioned Temperature Drive in Rats

1962 • 6 citations

Cues associated with frustrative nonreward do not necessarily have aversive motivational properties

1966 • 5 citations

Conditioned hunger and secondary rewards in monkeys.

1962 • 5 citations

Two failures to demonstrate superiority of a generalized secondary reinforcer

1966 • 5 citations

An Attempt to Establish a Secondary Drive Based upon a Primary Appetitional Drive

1963 • 5 citations

Secondary Motivation Based on Appetites and Aversions

1958 • 4 citations