Emotion, motivation, and anxiety: brain mechanisms and psychophysiology

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

1988 • 30,173 citations

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

1988 • 28,735 citations

A circumplex model of affect.

1980 • 14,156 citations

The Measurement of Meaning

1957 • 8,915 citations

An approach to environmental psychology

1974 • 6,580 citations

The Cognitive Structure of Emotions

1988 • 6,135 citations

Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions

1993 • 3,096 citations

Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.

1992 • 2,910 citations

International Affective Picture System (IAPS) : Technical Manual and Affective Ratings

1995 • 2,672 citations

Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.

1992 • 2,621 citations

Modality-Specific Retrograde Amnesia of Fear

1992 • 2,420 citations

Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach.

1987 • 2,091 citations

Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex.

1990 • 2,071 citations

Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach.

1987 • 2,043 citations

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1959

1960 • 1,650 citations

Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report.

1985 • 1,620 citations

Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates.

1994 • 1,598 citations

The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction.

1992 • 1,517 citations

Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders

1990 • 1,309 citations

Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised

2012 • 1,298 citations

A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality.

1957 • 1,182 citations

Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation

1996 • 1,177 citations

Remembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory.

1992 • 983 citations

Fear reduction and fear behavior: Problems in treating a construct.

1968 • 949 citations

Neuroanatomical correlates of pleasant and unpleasant emotion

1997 • 827 citations

Attention and Orienting

2013 • 801 citations

Emotional arousal and activation of the visual cortex: An fMRI analysis

1998 • 764 citations

Research in psychotherapy.

1962 • 726 citations

Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation.

1993 • 726 citations

Remembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory.

1992 • 714 citations

The Emotions: Facts, Theories and a New Model

1964 • 713 citations

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 17)

1985 • 688 citations

Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle response to an auditory stimulus.

1951 • 649 citations

Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation.

1993 • 637 citations

Double Dissociation between the Involvement of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Startle Increases Produced by Conditioned versus Unconditioned Fear

1997 • 628 citations

The description of facial expressions in terms of two dimensions.

1952 • 581 citations

Advances in psychophysiology

1994 • 561 citations

The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion?

1988 • 553 citations

The Cognitive Psychophysiology of Emotion

2019 • 514 citations

The acoustic startle response in rats—circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation

1997 • 510 citations

Learning and Computational Neuroscience: Foundations of Adaptive Networks

1990 • 510 citations

Affective judgment and psychophysiological response: Dimensional covariation in the evaluation of pictorial stimuli.

1989 • 497 citations

The startle pattern

1939 • 481 citations

A psychophysiological analysis of fear modification using an automated desensitization procedure.

1970 • 471 citations

The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion?

1988 • 456 citations

Role of the Hippocampus, the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis, and the Amygdala in the Excitatory Effect of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone on the Acoustic Startle Reflex

1997 • 455 citations

Psychophysiological approaches to the evaluation of psychotherapeutic process and outcome.

2004 • 444 citations

Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion

1996 • 404 citations

Startle Reflex Modification: Emotion or Attention?

1990 • 399 citations

Some autonomic-central nervous system interrelationships

1970 • 372 citations

Attention and information Processing in infants and Adults

2014 • 368 citations

Distinguishing among Orienting, Defense, and Startle Reflexes

2021 • 351 citations

Startle Modification: Implications for Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, and Clinical Science

2008 • 345 citations

Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: Habituation in humans.

1993 • 336 citations

The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Matter

1991 • 313 citations

Fear and the startle reflex: Blink modulation and autonomic response patterns in animal and mutilation fearful subjects

1997 • 307 citations

Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: Habituation in humans.

1993 • 298 citations

Mechanisms of Learning and Motivation

2014 • 296 citations

Research in psychotherapy.

1959 • 285 citations

Affect and the Startle Reflex

1999 • 243 citations

Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock.

1989 • 233 citations

Physiological Correlates of Emotion

1970 • 217 citations

The Midbrain periaqueductal gray matter : functional, anatomical, and neurochemical organization

1991 • 214 citations

Physiological Correlates of Emotion

1970 • 208 citations

Looking at Pictures

1968 • 189 citations

Emotional learning, hedonic change, and the startle probe.

1993 • 169 citations

Emotional learning, hedonic change, and the startle probe.

1993 • 158 citations

Emotional qualities of odors and their influence on the startle reflex in humans

1994 • 151 citations

Modulation of the acoustic startle response by film‐induced fear and sexual arousal

1994 • 150 citations

Emotional imagery and the differential diagnosis of anxiety.

1988 • 149 citations

Priming in item recognition: The organization of propositions in memory for text

1980 • 144 citations

Anxiety and the Amygdala: Pharmacological and Anatomical Analysis of the Fear-Potentiated Startle Paradigm

1988 • 139 citations

Information flow from sensation to emotion: Plasticity in the neural computation of stimulus value.

1990 • 132 citations

Startle and Emotion: Lateral Acoustic Probes and the Bilateral Blink

1991 • 118 citations

Affective Influences on Startle in Five-Month-Old Infants: Reactions to Facial Expressions of Emotion

1995 • 107 citations

Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

2013 • 104 citations

Pleasure-attenuation of startle is disrupted by lesions of the nucleus accumbens

1996 • 101 citations

Startle reflex modulation during exposure to pleasant and unpleasant odors

1995 • 100 citations

Conditioned Pleasure Attenuates the Startle Response in Rats

1995 • 96 citations

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala block conditioned excitation, but not conditioned inhibition of fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle effect.

1995 • 91 citations

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala block conditioned excitation, but not conditioned inhibition of fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle effect.

1995 • 90 citations

The response to threat: Relations among verbal and physiological indices.

1961 • 83 citations

Amygdaloid noradrenaline is involved in the sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats

1994 • 82 citations

Affective Influences on Startle in Five-Month-Old Infants: Reactions to Facial Expressions of Emotion

1995 • 74 citations

Ventral and dorsolateral regions of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) control different stages of defensive behavior: Dorsolateral PAG lesions enhance the defensive freezing produced by massed and immediate shock

1995 • 73 citations

Temporal effects of conditioned fear on the eyelid reflex.

1958 • 73 citations

On the status of individual response specificity.

1998 • 66 citations

Acoustic startle and anticipatory anxiety in humans: Effects of monaural right and left ear stimulation

1995 • 65 citations

Data analysis paradigms for metabolic‐flow data: Combining neural modeling and functional neuroimaging

1994 • 64 citations

Lateralized startle probes in the study of emotion

1996 • 62 citations

The neurophysiological basis of acoustic startle modulation: Research on fear motivation and sensory gating.

1997 • 60 citations

Conditioned fear as a function of CS-UCS and probe stimulus intervals.

1961 • 58 citations

Affective modulation of tactile startle

1997 • 44 citations

Affective reactivity of language and the startle response in schizophrenia

1995 • 21 citations

Modulation of acoustic startle response by film-induced fear and sexual arousal

1991 • 15 citations

Psychiatric Diagnosis

1979 • 13 citations

Wait and See

1994 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations