Is immobility of rats in the forced swim test “behavioral despair?”

Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments

1977 • 4,272 citations

Behavioural despair in rats: A new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments

1978 • 3,035 citations

Animal Model of Depression

1969 • 705 citations

Immobility induced by forced swimming in rats: Effects of agents which modify central catecholamine and serotonin activity

1979 • 576 citations

Glucocorticoids facilitate the retention of acquired immobility during forced swimming

1985 • 103 citations

Acute and chronic stress effects on performance in a forced-swim task

1984 • 81 citations

Non-specificity of “behavioral despair” as an animal model of depression

1979 • 76 citations

Conditioned and unconditioned emotional defecation in the rat.

1953 • 70 citations

Influence of naloxone on antidepressant drug effects in the forced swimming test in mice

1984 • 55 citations

Further characterization of the behavioral despair test in mice: Positive effects of convulsants

1982 • 44 citations

Emotionality and REMD: A rat swimming model

1980 • 31 citations

The effect of diazepam and of agents which change gabaergic functions in immobility in mice

1984 • 30 citations

Stressor-provoked response patterns in a swim task: Modification by diazepam

1986 • 25 citations

Potentiation by TRH of the effect of imipramine on the forced‐swimming test

1985 • 20 citations

Effects of neuroleptics displaying antidepressant activity on behavior of rats in the forced swimming test

1985 • 20 citations

HOPELESSNESS-INDUCED SUDDEN DEATH IN RATS ANTHROPOMORPHISM FOR EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DROWNINGS?

1978 • 12 citations

Subject emotionality and subsequent pylorus ligation-induced or restraint-induced gastric ulcer

1980 • 8 citations

Effects of rope-suspending and drug administration(yohimbine, diazepam) on behavior in forced swimming rats

1987 • 6 citations

Modulation of aversively motivated learning in rats adapted to a cold stressor☆

1985 • 2 citations