Chest pain with normal coronary anatomy: A review of natural history and possible etiologic factors

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

1983 • 42,177 citations

A cognitive approach to panic

1986 • 2,371 citations

Coronary heart disease

1966 • 1,258 citations

Unstable angina with fatal outcome: dynamic coronary thrombosis leading to infarction and/or sudden death. Autopsy evidence of recurrent mural thrombosis with peripheral embolization culminating in total vascular occlusion.

1985 • 1,053 citations

Incidence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction

1984 • 1,002 citations

An epidemiologic comparison of pain complaints

1988 • 981 citations

“Variant” angina: One aspect of a continuous spectrum of vasospastic myocardial ischemia

1978 • 935 citations

“Microvascular angina” as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries

1988 • 581 citations

Eleven-Year Survival in the Veterans Administration Randomized Trial of Coronary Bypass Surgery for Stable Angina

1984 • 573 citations

Esophageal manometry in 95 healthy adult volunteers

1987 • 545 citations

Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography.

1982 • 497 citations

Reflex Increase in Coronary Vascular Resistance in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

1976 • 486 citations

Seven year survival of patients with normal or near normal coronary arteriograms: A CASS registry study

1986 • 477 citations

Esophageal Testing of Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain or Dysphagia

1987 • 463 citations

Histologic evidence for small-vessel coronary artery disease in patients with angina pectoris and patent large coronary arteries.

1986 • 442 citations

Reduced coronary dilatory capacity and ultrastructural changes of the myocardium in patients with angina pectoris but normal coronary arteriograms.

1981 • 441 citations

The anginal syndrome associated with normal coronary arteriograms

1973 • 425 citations

Abnormal sensory perception in patients with esophageal chest pain

1986 • 394 citations

Reduction of coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension and normal coronary arteries.

1984 • 388 citations

Unexplained Chest Pain in Patients with Normal Coronary Arteriograms

1980 • 379 citations

Control of Coronary Blood Flow by an Autoregulatory Mechanism

1964 • 374 citations

Myocardial Infarction and Mortality in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Randomized Trial

1984 • 365 citations

Low-Dose Trazodone for Symptomatic Patients With Esophageal Contraction Abnormalities

1987 • 360 citations

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of radionuclide cineangiography during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Comparison with exercise electrocardiography.

1979 • 351 citations

Patients with multiple unexplained symptoms. Their characteristics, functional health, and health care utilization

1986 • 344 citations

Agoraphobia With Panic Attacks

1986 • 306 citations

Coronary arterial spasm and Prinzmetal's variant form of angina induced by hyperventilation and Tris-buffer infusion.

1978 • 304 citations

The syndrome associated with midsystolic click and late systolic murmur

1966 • 302 citations

Microvascular spasm in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster: a preventable cause of focal myocardial necrosis.

1982 • 295 citations

Aneurysmal protrusion of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve

1966 • 291 citations

Psychiatric Illness and Contraction Abnormalities of the Esophagus

1983 • 289 citations

Esophageal Chest Pain: Current Controversies in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy

1989 • 281 citations

Chest pain: Relationship of psychiatric illness to coronary arteriographic results

1988 • 278 citations

ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN IN ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS

1973 • 264 citations

CORONARY VASOSPASM IN ANGINA PECTORIS

1977 • 259 citations

Impaired Forearm Vasodilator Reserve in Patients with Microvascular Angina

1987 • 254 citations

Analysis of left ventricular wall movement during isovolumic relaxation and its relation to coronary artery disease.

1976 • 250 citations

Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina pectoris, normal epicardial coronary arteries, and abnormal vasodilator reserve.

1985 • 249 citations

Histamine provocation of clinical coronary artery spasm: Implications concerning pathogenesis of variant angina pectoris

1981 • 248 citations

CORONARY VASOSPASM IN ANGINA PECTORIS

1977 • 240 citations

Esophageal Function in Patients with Angina-Type Chest Pain and Normal Coronary Angiograms

1982 • 239 citations

Prognostic implications of angiographically normal and insignificantly narrowed coronary arteries

1986 • 237 citations

24-Hour recording of esophageal pressure and pH in patients with noncardiac chest pain

1986 • 234 citations

Panic Attacks in the Natural Environmet

1987 • 234 citations

Methods of measurement of myocardial blood flow in patients: a critical review.

1987 • 227 citations

Patients With Multiple Unexplained Symptoms

1986 • 226 citations

LUNG CANCER AND SMOKING IN SWITZERLAND

1965 • 220 citations

Spontaneous noncardiac chest pain

1988 • 219 citations

Oral nifedipine in the treatment of noncardiac chest pain in patients with the nutcracker esophagus

1987 • 219 citations

Arrhythmias and left ventricular asynergy in the prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome

1972 • 219 citations

Leukotriene D ₄ : a Potent Coronary Artery Vasoconstrictor Associated with Impaired Ventricular Contraction

1982 • 218 citations

Why Popeye took spinach.

1971 • 215 citations

Myocardial function during atrial pacing in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms

1973 • 214 citations

Abnormal coronary flow reserve and abnormal radionuclide exercise test results in patients with normal coronary angiograms

1985 • 212 citations

Esophageal manometrics in patients with angina-like chest pain

1977 • 211 citations

Chest pain with normal coronary arteries: a comparative study of psychiatric and social morbidity

1984 • 208 citations

Long-Term Observations in Patients with Angina and Normal Coronary Arteriograms

1973 • 202 citations

Chronic pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions

1978 • 199 citations

Clinical course of patients with normal or slightly or moderately abnormal coronary arteriograms: 10-year follow-up of 521 patients.

1980 • 198 citations

Coronary Spasm Producing Coronary Thrombosis and Myocardial Infarction

1983 • 197 citations

CORONARY ARTERY INFUSION OF NEUROPEPTIDE Y IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA PECTORIS

1987 • 196 citations

Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve

1985 • 193 citations

Spectrum of coronary arterial spasm. Clinical, angiographic and myocardial metabolic experience in 29 cases

1976 • 188 citations

The paradox of myocardial ischemia and necrosis in young women with normal coronary arteriograms

1969 • 185 citations

Mitral valve prolapse in the general population. 2. Clinical features: The Framingham Study

1983 • 182 citations

Hyperventilation: The tip and the iceberg

1975 • 173 citations

Left Ventricular Abnormalities in Prolapsed Mitral Leaflet Syndrome

1973 • 169 citations

INTENSE MICROVASCULAR CONSTRICTION AFTER ANGIOPLASTY OF ACUTE THROMBOTIC CORONARY ARTERIAL LESIONS

1989 • 164 citations

The fate of women with normal coronary arteriograms and chest pain resembling angina pectoris

1971 • 163 citations

Patients with angina with normal and near normal coronary arteries: clinical and psychosocial state 12 months after angiography.

1983 • 161 citations

Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in normal children

1985 • 158 citations

Site of increased resistance to coronary flow in patients with angina pectoris and normal epicardial coronary arteries

1986 • 155 citations

DISPROPORTIONATELY SEVERE BREATHLESSNESS IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

1969 • 145 citations

Coronary sinus reflux. A source of error in the measurement of thermodilution coronary sinus flow.

1978 • 141 citations

Angiographic evaluation of the natural history of normal coronary arteries and mild coronary atherosclerosis

1978 • 141 citations

Chest pain with angiographically insignificant coronary arterial obstruction

1980 • 139 citations

Atypical or Nonanginal Chest Pain

1987 • 138 citations

Autonomic dysfunction in women with mitral valve prolapse syndrome.

1979 • 137 citations

Impaired coronary vasodilator responsiveness as a cause of lactate production during pacing-induced ischemia in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries

1987 • 133 citations

THE IRRITABLE OESOPHAGUS—A FREQUENT CAUSE OF ANGINA-LIKE PAIN

1987 • 133 citations

TESTING FOR TAY-SACHS HETEROZYGOTES

1973 • 131 citations

The incidence and clinical implications of coronary artery spasm.

1975 • 129 citations

Limitations of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigrams.

1976 • 128 citations

CHIMAERAS AND MOSAICS.

1965 • 127 citations

Respiratory and psychiatric abnormalities in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation.

1985 • 127 citations

Psychological comparison of patients with nutcracker esophagus and irritable bowel syndrome

1986 • 127 citations

Myocardial lactate production in patients with angina-like chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries and left ventricle

1974 • 126 citations

Ejection fraction response to exercise in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms.

1981 • 125 citations

CONTROLLED STUDY OF RESPIRATORY RESPONSES DURING PROLONGED MEASUREMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HYPERVENTILATION

1986 • 124 citations

Syndrome of symptomatic coronary arterial spasm with nearly normal coronary arteriograms

1980 • 123 citations

Unimproved chest pain in patients with minimal or no coronary disease: A behavioral phenomenon

1984 • 123 citations

Clinical and arteriographic features of Prinzmetal's variant angina: Documentation of etiologic factors

1976 • 122 citations

Long-term clinical course of patients with normal coronary arteriography: Follow-up study of 121 patients with normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms

1981 • 122 citations

THE OESOPHAGUS AS A CAUSE OF RECURRENT CHEST PAIN: WHICH PATIENTS SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED AND WHICH TESTS SHOULD BE USED?

1985 • 121 citations

One-year psychosocial follow-up of patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries

1988 • 120 citations

Myocardial lactate extraction: multi-determined metabolic function.

1980 • 119 citations

Contraction abnormalities of the esophageal body in patients referred for manometry

1983 • 118 citations

Continuing disability of patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms

1979 • 116 citations

Detection of coronary heart disease using radionuclide determined regional ejection fraction at rest and during handgrip exercise: correlation with coronary arteriography.

1978 • 115 citations

WHOOPING-COUGH VACCINATION

1974 • 114 citations

The role of bodily feelings in anxiety

1976 • 114 citations

The hyperventilation test as a method for developing successful therapy in Prinzmetal's angina

1982 • 107 citations

'Esophageal Angina' as the Cause of Chest Pain

1982 • 107 citations

ANGINA PECTORIS WITH NORMAL CORONARY ARTERIES TRANSVENOUS MYOCARDIAL BIOPSY IN DIAGNOSIS

1974 • 106 citations

Psychosocial adjustment in patients one year after myocardial infarction

1978 • 102 citations

Oesophageal motility in the irritable bowel syndrome.

1981 • 102 citations

CLINICAL FEATURES AND FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH ANGINA AND NORMAL CORONARY ARTERIES

1976 • 101 citations

Exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux: a mechanism for symptoms in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms.

1987 • 101 citations

Usefulness of a high-dose dipyridamole-echocardiography test for diagnosis of syndrome X

1987 • 99 citations

Hyperventilation and panic disorder

1987 • 98 citations

Angina pectoris in patients with normal and abnormal coronary arteriograms

1969 • 97 citations

THE DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN ŒSOPHAGEAL AND CARDIAC PAIN

1966 • 95 citations

Familial syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur.

1973 • 95 citations

Chest wall syndrome. A common cause of unexplained cardiac pain

1979 • 93 citations

Spectrum of exercise thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms

1979 • 93 citations

Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in presumably healthy young men.

1979 • 93 citations

Continuous recording of coronary sinus oxygen saturation during atrial pacing in patients with coronary artery disease or with syndrome X.

1988 • 90 citations

HYPERVENTILATION: AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF PSEUDOANGINA

1977 • 89 citations

Effects of Nifedipine in Achalasia and in Patients With High-Amplitude Peristaltic Esophageal Contractions

1984 • 87 citations

Comparison of Experimental Esophageal Pain with Clinical Pain of Angina Pectoris and Esophageal Disease

1955 • 87 citations

Devolutionary pattern of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with angina pectoris

1974 • 86 citations

Invited review: Atypical chest pain

1989 • 86 citations

Effects of hyperventilation on systemic and coronary hemodynamics

1962 • 84 citations

Clinical Course of Patients with Normal, and Slightly or Moderately Abnormal Coronary Arteriograms

1973 • 82 citations

Hypothesis: Is congestive cardiomyopathy caused by a hyperreactive myocardial microcirculation (Microvascular spasm)?

1982 • 81 citations

Arteriolar closure mediated by hyperresponsiveness to norepinephrine in hypertensive rats

1979 • 80 citations

Coronary spasm, variant angina, and recurrent myocardial infarctions.

1977 • 79 citations

The Relation of Chest Pain Symptoms to Angiographic Findings of Coronary Artery Stenosis and Neuroticism

1985 • 78 citations

Myocardial Hypoxia as the Basis for Angina Pectoris in a Patient with Normal Coronary Arteriograms

1968 • 78 citations

Chest Wall Syndrome

1979 • 77 citations

Effect of Isosorbide and Hydralazine in Painful Primary Esophageal Motility Disorders

1982 • 76 citations

Abnormal thallium-201 scans in patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries

1983 • 75 citations

Measuring the Effect of Emotions on Esophageal Motility

1962 • 72 citations

Trial of Nifedipine for Prevention of Oesophageal Spasm

1987 • 70 citations

Evidence for emotionally-induced coronary arterial spasm in patients with angina pectoris.

1980 • 69 citations

Hyperventilation Syndrome

1978 • 69 citations

Exercise Left Ventricular Performance in Patients with Chest Pain, Ischemic-Appearing Exercise Electrocardiograms, and Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries

1981 • 68 citations

Mild mitral regurgitation and the mitral prolapse fiasco

1980 • 66 citations

Quantitative thallium imaging findings in patients with normal coronary angiographic findings and in clinically normal subjects

1986 • 64 citations

Clinically suspect ischemic heart disease not corroborated by demonstrable coronary artery disease

1972 • 63 citations

Limitations of lactate production as an index of myocardial ischemia.

1979 • 61 citations

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with mitral valve prolapse: Its advantage over stress electrocardiography in diagnosing associated coronary artery disease and its implications for the etiology of chest pain.

1978 • 61 citations

Manometric findings during spontaneous chest pain in patients with presumed esophageal “spasms”

1983 • 61 citations

Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms: Hemodynamic and metabolic response to atrial pacing

1975 • 60 citations

Therapeutic and economic value of a normal coronary angiogram

1982 • 59 citations

The Effects of Psychological and Environmental Stressors on Peristaltic Esophageal Contractions in Healthy Volunteers

1987 • 57 citations

OESOPHAGEAL SPASM IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY SPASM

1986 • 56 citations

False-Positive ST-T-Wave Changes Secondary to Hyperventilation and Exercise

1974 • 55 citations

Prevalence of vasospastic ischaemia induced by the cold pressor test or hyperventilation in patients with severe angina

1984 • 54 citations

Phenylephrine-induced atypical chest pain in patients with prolapsing mitral valve leaflets

1974 • 54 citations

A behavioral study of middle-aged chest pain patients: Physical symptom reporting, anxiety, and depression

1982 • 54 citations

Exercise-induced coronary spasm with S-T segment depression and normal coronary arteriography

1981 • 52 citations

Nifedipine in the Treatment of Achalasia

1982 • 52 citations

Respiratory Control: Its Contribution to the Treatment of Panic Attacks

1989 • 51 citations

Abnormal left ventricular wall movement during early systole in patients with angina pectoris.

1978 • 51 citations

Hyperventilation Syndrome: A Frequent Cause of Chest Pain

1975 • 51 citations

Frequency of normal coronary arteriograms in three academic medical centers and one community hospital

1988 • 51 citations

Physiological Responses to Psychological Challenge under Hypnosis in Patients Considered to Have the Hyperventilation Syndrome: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

1986 • 51 citations

Esophageal Disease as a Cause of Severe Retrosternal Chest Pain

1975 • 50 citations

Natural history of coronary disease in patients with and without coronary bypass graft surgery.

1974 • 47 citations

Exercise Radionuclide Ventriculography: Practical Considerations and Sensitivity of Coronary Artery Disease Detection

1979 • 45 citations

Hyperventilation clinical practice.

1989 • 44 citations

Panic Anxiety and Hyperventilation in Patients with Chest Pain: A Controlled Study

1988 • 42 citations

Hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic effects of ergonovine in patients with chest pain.

1978 • 42 citations

A comparison of thermodilution coronary sinus blood flows and krypton myocardial blood flows in the intact dog

1974 • 41 citations

Value of measuring end tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide as an adjunct to treadmill exercise testing

1988 • 40 citations

Esophageal disease in patients with angina-like chest pain.

1981 • 40 citations

Regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities on xenon-133 imaging in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries

1977 • 39 citations

Myocardial metabolic studies in prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome.

1975 • 37 citations

Hyperventilation in clinical practice.

1958 • 36 citations

Fear talk versus voluntary hyperventilation in agoraphobics and normals: a controlled study

1989 • 35 citations

Levels of somatic awareness in relation to angiographic findings

1987 • 35 citations

THE CHANGING FACE OF ANGINA PECTORIS: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

1983 • 35 citations

Regional myocardial blood flow in patients with chest pain syndromes and normal coronary arteriograms.

1978 • 34 citations

Ergonovine-induced esophageal spasm in patients with chest pain resembling angina pectoris

1982 • 34 citations

Syndrome X: the haemodynamic significance of ST segment depression.

1986 • 33 citations

Angina with normal coronary arteriograms. Value of coronary sinus lactate estimation in diagnosis and treatment.

1978 • 31 citations

Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteries

1985 • 30 citations

Diagnosis of coronary artery disease by estimation of coronary sinus lactate.

1978 • 29 citations

Are coronary artery spasm and progressive damage to the heart associated with the hyperventilation syndrome?

1985 • 27 citations

Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion studies in patients with the mitral valve prolapse syndrome

1978 • 27 citations

Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms.

1986 • 26 citations

Variable threshold of angina during exercise: A clinical manifestation of some patients with vasospastic angina

1981 • 26 citations

BIOPSY EVIDENCE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL ABNORMALITY IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL-LEAFLET PROLAPSE AND CHEST PAIN

1979 • 25 citations

Pain in Chest Simulating Heart Disease

1950 • 23 citations

Coronary spastic angina in middle-aged women: A psychosomatic disorder?

1983 • 22 citations

Personality traits associated with different chest pains after myocardial infarction.

1967 • 22 citations

Evidence of Myocardial Ischaemia in Patients with Chest Pain Syndromes and Normal Coronary Angiograms

1985 • 22 citations

Factors Related to the Localisation of Symptoms to the Chest in Depression

1972 • 22 citations

Noncardiac causes of angina-like chest pain

1986 • 21 citations

Acid-base balance in real life panic

1987 • 21 citations

A Behavioral Analysis of Chest Pain in Patients Suspected of Having Coronary Artery Disease*

1985 • 21 citations

[Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in patients with normal coronary arteries and normal left ventriculogram - comparison with hemodynamics, metabolic and morphologic findings (author's transl)].

1980 • 21 citations

Mitral valve prolapse due to coronary artery disease

1977 • 20 citations

SEGMENTAL THORACIC PAIN IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO A MEDICAL DEPARTMENT AND A CORONARY UNIT

1981 • 20 citations

Possible role of coronary spasm in acute myocardial infarction precipitated by hyperventilation.

1988 • 16 citations

OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPLENIC FLEXURE SYNDROME

1952 • 16 citations

Normal coronary arteriogram. An avoidable test?

1982 • 16 citations

Systemic alkalosis as a provocative test for coronary artery spasm in patients with infrequent resting chest pain

1988 • 14 citations

Abnormal left ventricular wall movement in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms. Relation to inferior T wave changes and mitral prolapse.

1979 • 14 citations

Coronary Thrombosis in the Absence of Angiographically-Evident Obstructive Coronary Disease

1983 • 14 citations

Pathogenesis of chest pain in patients with cardiomyopathies and normal coronary arteries

1983 • 13 citations

Long Esophagomyotomy for Diffuse Esophageal Spasm and Related Disorders

1988 • 13 citations

Hemoglobin Affinity for Oxygen in the Anginal Syndrome with Normal Coronary Arteriograms

1974 • 12 citations

The digestive tract as a cause of chest pain

1980 • 10 citations

Analysis of Physician and Hospital Differences in 'Negative' Coronary Angiogram Rates

1988 • 5 citations

The treatment of angina pectoris. A trial of perhexiline maleate in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries.

1978 • 5 citations

Exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux

1987 • 4 citations

Left ventriculography in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms

1974 • 4 citations

The pathophysiology of angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms. Histopathological and metabolic correlations with coronary vasospasm.

1983 • 3 citations

The role of bodily feelings in anxiety

1977 • 2 citations

Angina pectoris treated by ventricular plication.

1988 • 1 citations