An assessment of children's pain: a review of behavioral, physiological and direct scaling techniques

The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain

1983 • 3,619 citations

The Challenge of Pain

1996 • 1,198 citations

Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry

1987 • 1,037 citations

Cultural Components in Responses to Pain¹

1952 • 874 citations

Pain Measurement and Assessment

1984 • 543 citations

Measuring Emotions in Infants and Children

1982 • 530 citations

The Varni/Thompson Pediatrie Pain Questionnaire. I. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

1987 • 498 citations

Assessment of children's distress during painful medical procedures.

1983 • 494 citations

Development of Children's Concepts of Illness

1980 • 481 citations

Pain Tolerance: Differences According to Age, Sex and Race

1972 • 440 citations

Behavioral distress in children with cancer undergoing medical procedures: Developmental considerations.

1980 • 426 citations

The incidence of postoperative pain in children

1983 • 407 citations

There's a Demon in Your Belly: Children's Understanding of Illness

1981 • 353 citations

Hypnosis and nonhypnotic techniques for reduction of pain and anxiety during painful procedures in children and adolescents with cancer

1982 • 346 citations

Behavioral distress in children with cancer undergoing medical procedures: Developmental considerations.

1980 • 338 citations

Management of pain during debridement: a survey of U.S. burn units

1982 • 331 citations

Effects of accurate expectations about sensations on the sensory and distress components of pain.

1973 • 327 citations

Status of Pediatric Pain Control: A Comparison of Hospital Analgesic Usage in Children and Adults

1986 • 321 citations

The Neuromuscular Maturation of the Human Infant

1945 • 320 citations

Assessment of acute pain and anxiety in children and adolescents by self-reports, observer reports, and a behavior checklist.

1984 • 263 citations

Physiologic Stress Reduction by a Local Anesthetic During Newborn Circumcision

1983 • 255 citations

Pain in infancy: Neonatal reaction to a heel lance

1984 • 253 citations

Acute pain response in infants: a multidimensional description

1986 • 253 citations

The Preoperational Child??s Reaction to Immunization

1979 • 226 citations

Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics

1984 • 222 citations

Assessment of acute pain and anxiety in children and adolescents by self-reports, observer reports, and a behavior checklist.

1984 • 220 citations

The Infant Cry. A Spectrographic and Auditory Analysis

1969 • 217 citations

Behavioral management of children's distress during painful medical procedures

1985 • 200 citations

Assessing childrenʼs responses to pain

1984 • 185 citations

The Measurement of Clinical Pain

1984 • 177 citations

Childhood pain: the school-aged childʼs viewpoint

1984 • 175 citations

Pain in infancy: Conceptual and methodological issues

1984 • 168 citations

The Neuromuscular Maturation of the Human Infant

1945 • 167 citations

Measurement of pain in juvenile chronic polyarthritis.

1977 • 166 citations

Changes in facial expressions of 2- to 19-month-old infants following acute pain.

1983 • 162 citations

Content validity of an instrument to measure young children's perceptions of the intensity of their pain.

1986 • 158 citations

Developmental aspects of childrenʼs definitions of pain

1986 • 157 citations

Developmental changes in infant pain expression during immunization injections

1984 • 155 citations

Minimizing Pain Associated with Prekindergarten Intramuscular Injections

1981 • 140 citations

Neonatal circumcision and penile dorsal nerve block—a painless procedure

1978 • 132 citations

The Effects of a Pacifying Stimulus on Behavioral and Adrenocortical Responses to Circumcision in the Newborn

1984 • 124 citations

How do children describe pain? A tentative assessment

1982 • 119 citations

The assessment of pain and plasma β-endorphin immunoactivity in burned children

1985 • 117 citations

Adolescents with cancer

1983 • 117 citations

Cognitive and relaxation treatment of paediatric migraine

1986 • 114 citations

Children's pain perception before and after analgesia: a study of instrument construct validity and related issues.

1988 • 114 citations

Continuous intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate for control of severe pain in children with terminal malignancy

1980 • 110 citations

An observational approach to the assessment of anxiety in young children.

1978 • 108 citations

Anxiety in children with recurrent abdominal pain and their parents

1985 • 107 citations

A developmental cognitive-biobehavioral approach to pediatric pain assessment

1986 • 105 citations

Chronic headaches in adolescents: Treatment in a school setting with relaxation training as compared with information-contact and self-registration

1986 • 100 citations

Depressive symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain and in their families

1985 • 96 citations

Making heel pricks less painful.

1983 • 96 citations

Pain, its nature, analysis, and treatment

1979 • 95 citations

Sex Differences in Responsiveness to Infants: A Developmental Study of Psychophysiological and Behavioral Responses

1978 • 91 citations

Measuring Children's self-Assessment of Pain

1981 • 90 citations

The child's perception of the disease and the experience of pain in juvenile chronic arthritis.

1983 • 90 citations

Behavioral Pediatrics: Research and Practice

2013 • 87 citations

The importance of type of question, psychological climate and subject set in interviewing children about pain

1984 • 86 citations

Children's Perceptions of Chronic Illness: The Roles of Disease Symptoms, Cognitive Development, and Information

1984 • 80 citations

Adrenal cortical response to circumcision in the neonate.

1976 • 78 citations

BEHAVIORAL STATE AND PLASMA CORTISOL RESPONSE IN THE HUMAN NEWBORN

1970 • 77 citations

Childrenʼs drawings of their pain

1983 • 77 citations

Multi-dimensional pain assessment in children

1984 • 76 citations

Cross-modality matching of brightness to loudness by 5-year-olds

1969 • 75 citations

Pain in prelingual children and its evaluation by pain-induced vocalization

1982 • 75 citations

An observational approach to the assessment of anxiety in young children.

1978 • 74 citations

Behavioral differences between normal and traumatized newborns: I. The test procedures.

1956 • 73 citations

“It Hurts Red:” A Preliminary Study of Children's Perception of Pain

1978 • 71 citations

Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Morphine in Children With Cancer

1983 • 70 citations

Pain and pain control in children

1985 • 68 citations

The management of acute pain evoked by medical procedures in children with cancer

1986 • 68 citations

The Clinical Measurement of Pain in Children

1985 • 67 citations

INFANT HEART RATE RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF STIMULUS AND STATE

1971 • 67 citations

Assessment of Pediatric Pain: An Empirical Perspective

1982 • 66 citations

Abdominal Pain in Children and Symptoms of Somatization Disorder

1984 • 61 citations

Postextraction pain relief in children: a clinical trial of liquid analgesics.

1985 • 59 citations

Psychological aspects of painful medical conditions in children. I. Developmental aspects and assessment

1986 • 59 citations

Sound spectrographic analysis of pain cry in preterm infants

1983 • 56 citations

Age and the perception of pain

1969 • 56 citations

Behavioral Approaches to the Management of Chronic Pain in Children

1984 • 55 citations

Modeling and birth order in responses to painful stimuli.

1974 • 51 citations

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAIN

1970 • 48 citations

Adrenocortical Activity and the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale: Moderating Effects of the Newborn's Biomedical Status

1987 • 47 citations

Pain, Meaning and Management

1981 • 47 citations

Coping with pain: a developmental approach to treatment of burned children

1982 • 46 citations

Comparison of the visual analog scale(YAS) and a smiley analog scale(SAS) for the evaluation of pain in children

1984 • 46 citations

β-Endorphin Immunoreactivity and Acute Behavioral Distress in Children with Leukemia

1982 • 45 citations

Psychological aspects of painful medical conditions in children. II. Personality factors, family characteristics and treatment

1986 • 45 citations

Adrenocortical Activity and the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale: Moderating Effects of the Newborn's Biomedical Status

1987 • 45 citations

BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT FOR PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNITS1

1979 • 43 citations

Pain in childhood

1976 • 42 citations

Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Child Migraine: Implications for Clinical Research and Practice

1984 • 38 citations

Pain, learning and memory

1975 • 38 citations

Child health psychology : concepts and issues

1982 • 38 citations

Pain, its nature, analysis and treatment

1985 • 38 citations

Children's Reactions to Pain: A Psychiatrist's Perspective

1976 • 36 citations

How children perceive pain.

1971 • 36 citations

Description of the Pain Experience: A Study of School-Age Children

1981 • 36 citations

The efficacy of relaxation training with children

1984 • 35 citations

A Computerized Behavioral Assessment for Children With Headaches

1984 • 35 citations

Developing an Instrument for Eliciting Children's Description of Pain

1983 • 34 citations

The Assessment of Pain

1980 • 33 citations

Behavioral and Neurochemical Aspects of Pediatric Pain

1982 • 32 citations

Advances in behavioral medicine for children and adolescents

1983 • 29 citations

MEASUREMENT IN MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY IN CHILDREN FOR OPEN HEART SURGERY

1972 • 27 citations

Anxiety or pain: What does the scale measure?

1981 • 26 citations

How children perceive pain

1972 • 25 citations

Status of Pediatric Pain Control: A Comparison of Hospital Analgesic Usage in Children and Adults

1987 • 25 citations

Behavioral Assessment and Management of Pediatric Pain

1984 • 23 citations

Child Pain: Treatment Approaches

1980 • 23 citations

Developmental Psychobiology

2005 • 22 citations

Evaluation of Arthritis and Arthralgia in the Pediatric Patient

1980 • 21 citations

Assessing the pain experience in children.

1977 • 20 citations

Teaching the Child with Leukemia to Cope with Teasing

1984 • 19 citations

Anxiety or pain: What does the scale measure?

1981 • 17 citations

Diagnosis and Management of Headache in Children and Adolescents

1983 • 16 citations

PAIN AND THE BURNED CHILD

1973 • 14 citations

Assessment of infant pain in clinical settings

1986 • 13 citations

A Pilot Study of Blood Endorphin Levels in Children Using Self-Hypnosis to Control Pain

1980 • 12 citations

Pain Instruction with Third- and Fourth-Grade Children: A Pilot Study

1985 • 9 citations

Physiologic Stress Reduction by a Local Anesthetic During Newborn Circumcision

1983 • 8 citations

Evaluation of chronic pain in children.

1973 • 6 citations

Management of chronic pain in children

2005 • 6 citations

Establishment of a new rating scale for the evaluation of pain in young children (2–6 years) with cancer

1984 • 2 citations

Pain: Meaning and Management

1982 • 2 citations