Back to search

The specification of ethnic cleavages and ethnopolitical groups for the analysis of democratic competition in contemporary Africa

Data up to Jan 2025

Published1999
Citations129
References222

Total Citations Per Year

Abstract

References (222)

Party Systems and Voter Alignments. Cross National Perspectives

1968 • 2,708 citations

Democratic Experiments in Africa

1997 • 1,591 citations

Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective

1998 • 1,518 citations

The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide

1996 • 1,247 citations

Ethnologue: languages of the world

2006 • 1,246 citations

Warlord politics and African states

1998 • 1,009 citations

Warlord Politics and African States

1998 • 985 citations

Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts

1994 • 955 citations

Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa

1994 • 824 citations

Africa-Its Peoples and Their Culture History

1960 • 806 citations

Why Minorities Rebel: A Global Analysis of Communal Mobilization and Conflict since 1945

1993 • 612 citations

The Politics of Cultural Pluralism.

1978 • 485 citations

The Politics of Cultural Pluralism.

1978 • 456 citations

State versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas

1986 • 371 citations

Crippled Giant: Nigeria since Independence

1999 • 356 citations

Politics in Congo

1965 • 283 citations

Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal

1995 • 260 citations

Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History

1960 • 245 citations

On the Third Wave of Democratization: A Synthesis and Evaluation of Recent Theory and Research

1994 • 237 citations

The politics of independent Kenya, 1963-8

1970 • 234 citations

The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya

1992 • 225 citations

THE OGONI UPRISING: OIL POLITICS, MINORITY AGITATION AND THE FUTURE OF THE NIGERIAN STATE

1995 • 216 citations

The Shrinking Political Arena

1976 • 213 citations

Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia

1989 • 211 citations

The Anglophone Problem in Cameroon

1997 • 209 citations

Africa: Its People and Their Culture History.

1960 • 201 citations

The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State, by Crawford Young and Thomas Turner

1986 • 198 citations

The Politics of Ethnicity in Malawi's Democratic Transition

1995 • 185 citations

Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century

1995 • 185 citations

Explaining Ethnic Political Participation

1979 • 184 citations

Cults of violence and counter‐violence in Mozambique

1992 • 174 citations

WINNING COALITIONS AND ETHNO-REGIONAL POLITICS: THE FAILURE OF THE OPPOSITION IN THE 1990 AND 1995 ELECTIONS IN COTE D'IVOIRE

1997 • 171 citations

The Dynamics of the One-Party State in Zambia

1985 • 171 citations

THE PROCESS, PROSPECTS AND CONSTRAINTS OF DEMOCRATIZATION IN AFRICA

1992 • 170 citations

LIBERIA 1989–1994 A STUDY OF ETHNIC AND SPIRITUAL VIOLENCE

1995 • 168 citations

Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia

1997 • 163 citations

Common Denominators: Ethnicity, Nation-Building and Compromise in Mauritius

1999 • 159 citations

Islamic society and state power in Senegal: disciples and citizens in Fatick

1995 • 155 citations

An Anatomy of Ghanaian Politics: Managing Political Recession, 1969-1982

1984 • 154 citations

National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa.

1990 • 154 citations

Somalia: State Collapse, Multilateral Intervention, and Strategies for Political Reconstruction

1996 • 150 citations

The Relationship between Political and Economic Reform in Africa

1996 • 145 citations

The Cameroons from Mandate to Independence

1967 • 142 citations

Politicization of Ethnic Identities in Sierra Leone

1992 • 140 citations

Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960

1971 • 138 citations

Election '94 South Africa: The Campaigns, Results, and Future Prospects

1997 • 133 citations

Transformation and continuity in revolutionary Ethiopia

1989 • 131 citations

Black Africa: A Comparative Handbook

1973 • 131 citations

Transitions without consolidation: Democratization in six African cases

1996 • 129 citations

Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence

1966 • 128 citations

Peasant revolution in Ethiopia: the Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975-1991

1998 • 125 citations

Transition without end: Nigerian politics and civil society under Babangida

1998 • 118 citations

THE GHANAIAN ELECTIONS OF 1992

1993 • 114 citations

The International Dimension of Genocide in Rwanda

1998 • 110 citations

Petro-Politics in Congo

1997 • 109 citations

Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning

1991 • 108 citations

Politics in Sierra Leone 1947-1967

1970 • 107 citations

Mauritius: democracy and development in the Indian Ocean

1992 • 105 citations

The Shrinking Political Arena: Participation and Ethnicity in African Politics, with a Case Study of Uganda

1977 • 104 citations

National and class conflict in the Horn of Africa

1988 • 104 citations

Deng, Francis M. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1995.

1996 • 100 citations

Mauritius: Democracy and Development in the Indian Ocean

1995 • 99 citations

Transition Without End

1997 • 98 citations

Multi-Party Politics In Kenya

1998 • 96 citations

Beyond Capitalism vs. Socialism in Kenya and Tanzania

1994 • 95 citations

Constructing opposition in Mozambique: Renamo as political party

1998 • 94 citations

Managing multiple minority problems in a divided society: the Nigerian experience

1998 • 94 citations

Zimbabwe: The Terrain of Contradictory Development

1994 • 92 citations

BOOK REVIEW: Throup, David, and Charles Hornsby. MULTI-PARTY POLITICS IN KENYA: THE KENYATTA AND MOI STATES AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE SYSTEM IN THE 1992 ELECTION. Oxford: James Currey. 1998.

1999 • 91 citations

Eritrea and Ethiopia: the federal experience

1998 • 87 citations

Bleak Future for Multi-Party Elections in Kenya

1996 • 85 citations

The shadow-politics of Wolofisation

1998 • 85 citations

Senegal: An African Nation between Islam and the West

1984 • 84 citations

Multi-Party Politics in Kenya

1997 • 82 citations

Zimbabwe: Struggles-within-the-Struggle

1979 • 81 citations

Limits of anarchy: intervention and state formation in Chad

1996 • 80 citations

The Horn of Africa

2002 • 78 citations

Cape Verde: Crioulo colony to independent nation

1996 • 77 citations

The impact of the electoral system on the transition to democracy in Africa: The case of Mali

1994 • 77 citations

Democracy and political change in Sub-Saharan Africa

1996 • 76 citations

Kenya: The Politics of Participation and Control

2015 • 75 citations

Guinea-Bissau: Power, Conflict, and Renewal in a West African Nation

1993 • 71 citations

The 1996 Zambian elections: still awaiting democratic consolidation

1997 • 70 citations

Governance and the Transition to Democracy: Political Parties and the Party System in Mali

1993 • 67 citations

Gabon: Beyond the Colonial Legacy

1992 • 67 citations

Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia

1998 • 67 citations

Economics and Politics in The Gambia

1990 • 64 citations

Zambia: between two worlds

1989 • 64 citations

Leadership and ethnicity in the making of African state models: Botswana versus Somalia

1997 • 63 citations

The transition to independence in Namibia

1994 • 63 citations

The State and Revolution in Eastern Africa

1981 • 62 citations

The Cameroon Federation: Political Integration in a Fragmentary Society

2015 • 61 citations

Black Africa

1989 • 59 citations

Democratic Transition in Africa

1992 • 59 citations

New Approaches to State Building in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia's Ethnic-Based Federalism

1997 • 57 citations

Ethiopia: its people: its society: its culture

1963 • 56 citations

The Politics of cultural sub-nationalism in Africa

1972 • 56 citations

Limited Choices: The Political Struggle for Socialism in Tanzania

1994 • 55 citations

Minorities Rights at Risk: A Global Survey

1989 • 54 citations

The Transition to Independence in Namibia

1994 • 54 citations

Burkina Faso: unsteady statehood in West Africa

1996 • 53 citations

Renamo and the Peasantry in Southern Mozambique: A View from Gaza Province

1992 • 53 citations

Democratisation in Africa: Obstacles and prospects

1993 • 52 citations

Encyclopedia of Africa south of the Sahara

1998 • 52 citations

Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence

1965 • 50 citations

THE MNR/RENAMO: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL DYNAMICS

1990 • 48 citations

Democracy in Zambia : challenges for the Third Republic

1996 • 48 citations

Political Reform in Francophone Africa

1998 • 48 citations

Biomass of Grazed, Burned, and Undisturbed Paramo Grasslands, Colombia. I. Aboveground Vegetation

1995 • 47 citations

Cape Verde: Crioulo Colony to Independent Nation

1999 • 47 citations

Changing Electoral Patterns in Sierra Leone: The 1982 Single-Party Elections

1985 • 45 citations

Historical Dictionary of Togo

1999 • 45 citations

Political Leadership in Sierra Leone

1978 • 44 citations

Opposition Politics and Ethnicity in Ethiopia: We Will All Go Down Together

1997 • 43 citations

Limited choices: the political struggle for socialism in Tanzania

1995 • 43 citations

The December 1996 general elections in Ghana

1997 • 42 citations

Ethnicity and Conflict in the Horn of Africa

1994 • 42 citations

Zaire: continuity and political change in an oppressive state

1994 • 42 citations

Somalia: Political Order in a Stateless Society

1998 • 41 citations

The Angolan Revolution

1970 • 41 citations

Whither Opposition in Zimbabwe?

1995 • 41 citations

Linking the future to the past: ethnicity and pluralism

1991 • 41 citations

Reflections on donors, opposition and popular will in the 1996 Zambian general elections

1998 • 40 citations

The New Struggle for Democracy in Africa, by John A. Wiseman

1997 • 40 citations

Somaliland Goes It Alone

1998 • 39 citations

Protest and Rebellion in Africa

1995 • 39 citations

Citizenship at the Margins: Status, Ambiguity, and the Mandingo of Liberia

1996 • 38 citations

3. Cleavage and conflict in Zambian politics: a study in sectionalism

1974 • 38 citations

Dilemmas of Democracy in Nigeria

1997 • 37 citations

Equatorial Guinea: Colonialism, State Terror, and the Search for Stability

1992 • 37 citations

Equatorial Guinea: Colonialism, State Terror, and the Search for Stability

1991 • 37 citations

Politics in Sierra Leone 1947-67

1970 • 36 citations

From Shame to Pride: Politicized Ethnicity in the Kalahari, Botswana

1994 • 36 citations

Historical Dictionary of the Gambia

2000 • 35 citations

Ethnicity and the State in Eastern Africa

2000 • 35 citations

The Eritrean struggle for independence

1995 • 34 citations

The Horn of Africa: state politics and international relations

1997 • 34 citations

Ethnicity and factionalism in Zimbabwe nationalist politics 1957–79

1980 • 34 citations

Legacies of the Past? The Results of the 1980 Election in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe

1982 • 33 citations

Political Leadership in Sierra Leone

1980 • 32 citations

Politics in Nigeria

2001 • 31 citations

Men, Women, And Money In Seychelles

1982 • 31 citations

Do Ethnic Minorities Still Exist in Nigeria

1986 • 30 citations

The Shadow-Politics of Wolofisation

2003 • 30 citations

Political Competition and One-party Dominance in Zambia

1969 • 30 citations

The Somali Challenge

1994 • 28 citations

Political Exclusion, Democratisation and Dynamics of Ethnicity in Niger

1994 • 28 citations

The Origins and Evolution of Mauritania's Second Republic

1996 • 28 citations

Ethiopia: Democracy and the Politics of Ethnicity

1993 • 28 citations

Development, conflict and the politics of ethnicity in South Africa's transition to democracy

1994 • 27 citations

Political Protest in the Congo: The Parti Solidaire Africain during the Independence Struggle

1968 • 27 citations

The Fallen State: Dissonance, Dictatorship and Death in Somalia

1998 • 27 citations

Sao Tome and Principe: from plantation colony to microstate

1989 • 26 citations

ETHNICITY AND POLITICS IN RED SEA PROVINCE, SUDAN

1989 • 25 citations

Historical dictionary of Guinea

2005 • 24 citations

Guinea: The Mobilization of a People

1978 • 24 citations

The Mossi of Burkina Faso: Chiefs, Politicians and Soldiers

1989 • 24 citations

Historical Dictionary of Botswana

1990 • 24 citations

The Sudan: Unity and Diversity in a Multicultural State

1986 • 24 citations

Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate

2018 • 23 citations

The institutional logic of ethnic politics: a prolegomenon

1995 • 23 citations

Historical dictionary of Namibia

2013 • 23 citations

Mali: A Search For Direction

1989 • 23 citations

Gabon: Limited Reform and Regime Survival

2018 • 23 citations

Ethno‐regional demands, symbolic and redistributive politics: Sugar complexes in the north of the Ivory Coast

1989 • 22 citations

Historical Dictionary of Chad

1988 • 22 citations

The Seychelles. Unquiet Islands

1985 • 21 citations

From Shame to Pride: Politicized Ethnicity in the Kalahari, Botswana

1994 • 20 citations

Madagascar: Conflicts of Authority in the Great Island.

1996 • 20 citations

Angola: A Country Study

2013 • 18 citations

Namibia: The Nation after Independence

1993 • 18 citations

Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau

1998 • 17 citations

Crossing Over : Ethnicity and Transboundary Conflict in the Senegal River Valley.

1993 • 16 citations

Tentative Steps towards Multi-Partyism in Mozambique

1998 • 15 citations

The Allurement of Ethnonationalism in Nigerian Politics The Contemporary Debate

1994 • 14 citations

Liberia—The Hellbound Heart? Regime Breakdown and the Deconstruction of Society

1997 • 13 citations

Somalia

1998 • 13 citations

THE SALIENCE OF ETHNICITY IN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE

1990 • 13 citations

Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau

1991 • 13 citations

L' « ethnicisation » de la société peule du Borgou (Bénin)

1990 • 12 citations

Federalism, local politics and ethnicity in Nigeria

1986 • 12 citations

The Seychelles: Unquiet islands

1985 • 12 citations

Ethnic‐State political relations in Post‐Apartheid Namibia

1994 • 11 citations

Zimbabwe 1980: Politicisation through armed struggle and electoral mobilisation

1981 • 11 citations

Historical dictionary of Namibia

1995 • 11 citations

The institutional origins of ethnic politics in Zambia

1998 • 11 citations

CHAPTER FOUR. Senegal: The Development and Fragility of Semidemocracy

1988 • 11 citations

The Democratization Process and Popular Participation in Africa: Emerging Realities and the Challenges Ahead

1995 • 10 citations

The 1992 Multiparty Elections in Cameroon: Prospects for Democracy and Democratization

1996 • 10 citations

Historical Dictionary of Tanzania

1999 • 9 citations

Historical dictionary of Congo

1997 • 9 citations

Re‐democratisation in Kenya: ‘Unbounded politics’ and the political trajectory towards national elections

1997 • 8 citations

The Zimbabwe general election of 1985

1988 • 7 citations

The insignificance of tribe in the African politics of Zimbabwe rhodesia1

1980 • 7 citations

Is there a northern question

1987 • 6 citations

Senegal: The Evolution of a Quasi Democracy

2018 • 6 citations

Niger: Regime Change, Economic Crisis, and Perpetuation of Privilege

2018 • 6 citations

The October 1994 elections in Botswana

1995 • 6 citations

The Allurement of Ethnonationalism in Nigerian Politics: The Contemporary Debate

1994 • 6 citations

Cautionary notes on democratisation: Lessons from India and Zambia

1996 • 5 citations

A New Era Dawns in Guinea

1985 • 5 citations

A New Era Dawns in Guinea

1985 • 5 citations

Conflict resolution in Uganda

1990 • 5 citations

The salience of ethnicity in African states: A Zimbabwean case study

1988 • 5 citations

Historical Dictionary of Mauritius

1984 • 5 citations

CHAPTER SIX. Zimbabwe: In Search of a Stable Democracy

1988 • 5 citations

Historical dictionary of Zaire

1988 • 5 citations

Incomplete Metamorphic Democracy as a Conceptual Framework in the Analysis of African Politics: An Exploratory Investigation

1996 • 4 citations

Historical dictionary of Tanzania

1998 • 4 citations

The Bakonjo‐Baamba and Uganda: Colonial and postcolonial integration and ethnocide

1995 • 4 citations

Togo: The National Conference and Stalled Reform

2018 • 4 citations

Historical Dictionary of Chad

1989 • 4 citations

Tanzania. An African Experiment

1984 • 3 citations

Revue beige de droit international

1975 • 3 citations

Historical dictionary of Zaire

1989 • 3 citations

Zaire: Flying High Above the Toads: Mobutu and Stalemated Democracy

2018 • 3 citations

Sao Tome and Principe: From Plantation Colony to Microstate

1989 • 2 citations

Historical dictionary of Mauritius

1982 • 2 citations

La mosaïque mauritanienne.

1994 • 2 citations

The Central African Republic: Political Reform and Social Malaise

2018 • 2 citations

Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms

2018 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations

Cited By (0)

Loading...