Microglial and astrocytic involvement in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)

Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains

1988 • 2,754 citations

Molecular profile of reactive astrocytes—Implications for their role in neurologic disease

1993 • 1,436 citations

Cytotoxicity of microglia

1993 • 1,042 citations

Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury

1985 • 855 citations

On the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases

1989 • 692 citations

Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon‐γ‐treated microglial cells

1987 • 648 citations

Astrocyte Responses to CNS Injury

1994 • 596 citations

IL-6 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in cultured human monocytes, U937 cells, and in mice.

1989 • 578 citations

Pargyline Prevents MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in Primates

1984 • 575 citations

Brain glia release factors with opposing actions upon neuronal survival

1993 • 437 citations

Cellular Localization of Interleukin 6 mRNA and Interleukin 6 Receptor mRNA in Rat Brain

1993 • 329 citations

Colony-stimulating factors as promoters of ameboid microglia

1988 • 323 citations

Interleukin-6 improves the survival of mesencephalic catecholaminergic and septal cholinergic neurons from postnatal, two-week-old rats in cultures

1991 • 304 citations

Reactive glia as rivals in regulating neuronal survival

1993 • 299 citations

Impaired neuroglial activation in interleukin-6 deficient mice

1997 • 284 citations

Microglial Reaction in MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice Model

1996 • 277 citations

The central nervous system as an immunocompetent organ: role of glial cells in antigen presentation.

1996 • 230 citations

The influence of dose and dosing interval on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice

1986 • 211 citations

Microglia: Immune Network in the CNS

1990 • 200 citations

Aging and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

1987 • 185 citations

Phagocytic microglia release cytokines and cytotoxins that regulate the survival of astrocytes and neurons in culture

1994 • 181 citations

Cytokine Release from Microglia: Differential Inhibition by Pentoxifylline and Dexamethasone

1992 • 179 citations

Inhibition of Posttraumatic Microglial Proliferation in a Genetic Model of Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor Deficiency in the Mouse

1994 • 170 citations

Astroglial neurotrophic and neurite-promoting factors

1995 • 170 citations

Electrophysiological behavior of microglia

1993 • 167 citations

IL‐6 Expression in Neurons of Transgenic Mice Causes Reactive Astrocytosis and Increase in Ramified Microglial Cells but no Neuronal Damage

1995 • 162 citations

Long-term effect of MPTP in the mouse brain in relation to aging: neurochemical and immunocytochemical analysis

1990 • 160 citations

Characterization of the origins of astrocyte response to injury using the dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

1990 • 150 citations

Lesion of the rat entorhinal cortex leads to a rapid microglial reaction in the dentate gyrus

1991 • 142 citations

Interleukin-6 as a neurotrophic factor for promoting the survival of cultured catecholaminergic neurons in a chemically defined medium from fetal and postnatal rat midbrains

1992 • 124 citations

Modulation of Intracellular Formation of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates in Peritoneal Macrophages and Microglia/Brain Macrophages by Propentofylline

1994 • 107 citations

Cultured rat striatal and cortical astrocytes protect mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons against hydrogen peroxide toxicity independent of their effect on neuronal development

1995 • 95 citations

Effects of dexamethasone on microglial activation in vivo: selective downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression in regenerating facial nucleus

1991 • 92 citations

Reactions of the Immune System in Chronic Degenerative Neurological Diseases

1991 • 87 citations

Microglial involvement in experimental autoimmune inflammation of the central and peripheral nervous system

1993 • 87 citations

Neuroglial responses to the dopaminergic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mouse striatum

1995 • 80 citations

Toxin-Induced Models of Neurological Disorders

1994 • 78 citations

The neurotoxicant MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) increases glial fibrillary acidic protein and decreases dopamine levels of the mouse striatum: Evidence for glial response to injury

1988 • 57 citations

Features of the Dopaminergic Neurotoxin MPTP

1992 • 54 citations

Neurons and neuroblastoma as a source of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor

1992 • 46 citations

The Use of the MPTP-Treated Mouse as an Animal Model of Parkinsonism

1987 • 42 citations

The acute histopathology of MPTP in the mouse CNS

1989 • 42 citations

MPTP-Treated Mice: A Useful Model for Parkinson’s Disease?

1994 • 13 citations

Injury of Catecholaminergic Neurons after Acute Exposure to MPTP

1987 • 11 citations