Electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde amnesia: An analysis of the variation in the length of the amnesia gradient

Time-Dependent Processes in Memory Storage

1966 • 1,452 citations

Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies.

1970 • 1,131 citations

The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning.

1949 • 420 citations

Perseverative neural processes and consolidation of the memory trace.

1961 • 309 citations

KINETICS OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION: ROLE OF AMNESIC TREATMENT PARAMETERS

1969 • 268 citations

Modification of memory storage processes

1971 • 214 citations

Short-term retrograde amnesia in rats.

1965 • 192 citations

Amygdaloid stimulation and learning in the rat.

1964 • 162 citations

Arousal and the conversion of "short-term" to "long-term" memory.

1968 • 156 citations

Cortical spreading depression as a memory disturbing factor.

1963 • 152 citations

Induced recovery of memory in rats following electroconvulsive shock

1972 • 141 citations

Amnesia Produced by Electroconvulsive Shock or Cycloheximide: Conditions for Recovery

1970 • 141 citations

Sources of experimental amnesia.

1969 • 136 citations

Cortical spreading depression as a memory disturbing factor.

1963 • 132 citations

Retroactive impairment of passive avoidance learning by stimulation of the caudate nucleus

1968 • 128 citations

Recovery of Memory after Amnesia Induced by Electroconvulsive Shock

1967 • 114 citations

Amnesia produced in cats by local seizure activity initiated from the amygdala

1968 • 112 citations

Recovery of Memory following Amnesia

1968 • 111 citations

Delayed development of amnesia following electroconvulsive shock

1970 • 108 citations

Permanence of Retrograde Amnesia Produced by Electroconvulsive Shock

1967 • 102 citations

Reexamination of prolonged retrograde amnesia in one-trial learning.

1966 • 100 citations

A Brief Temporal Gradient of Retrograde Amnesia Independent of Situational Change

1965 • 97 citations

Influence of training strength on amnesia induced by pretraining injections of cycloheximide

1972 • 97 citations

Recovery of memory following amnesia in the rat and mouse.

1972 • 93 citations

Long Temporal Gradient of Retrograde Amnesia for a Well-Discriminated Stimulus

1966 • 90 citations

Retrograde amnesia as a function of duration of electroshock stimulation.

1968 • 89 citations

Aversive and amnesic effects of electroconvulsive shock.

1964 • 85 citations

Duration and nature of retrograde amnesia produced by stimulation of caudate nucleus

1971 • 81 citations

Dissociated learning in rats produced by electroconvulsive shock

1970 • 80 citations

Evidence that electroconvulsive shock alters memory retrieval rather than memory consolidation

1968 • 77 citations

Retrograde Amnesia and the "Reminder Effect": An Alternative Interpretation

1973 • 74 citations

Effect of Acetoxycycloheximide on Learning and Memory of a Light–Dark Discrimination

1968 • 73 citations

The effects of polarizing currents on the consolidation of learning

1966 • 72 citations

Effect of ECS and puromycin on memory in fish.

1965 • 72 citations

The effect of spreading depression on the consolidation of learning

1966 • 71 citations

Drugs and Retrograde Amnesia

1967 • 71 citations

Retrograde effects of electroconvulsive shock on learned responses.

1969 • 70 citations

Control of retrograde amnesia.

1968 • 69 citations

The effect of electroconvulsive shock on retention of a modified "one-trial" conditioned avoidance.

1962 • 68 citations

The time relations of ECS induced amnesia

1968 • 67 citations

Biological Roots of Psychiatry

1955 • 63 citations

Retrograde amnesia in the chick: Resistance to the reminder effect

1972 • 62 citations

Effect of electroconvulsive shock intensity and seizure pattern on retrograde amnesia in rats.

1963 • 60 citations

Retrograde Amnesia Gradients: Effects of Direct Cortical Stimulation

1973 • 56 citations

Retrograde Amnesia from Electroconvulsive Shock in a One-Trial Appetitive Learning Task

1965 • 56 citations

Permanence of amnesia after a single posttrial electroconvulsive seizure.

1965 • 56 citations

Limited effects of electroconvulsive shock on memory of taste stimulation.

1970 • 56 citations

Recovery of a conditioned emotional response after one or two electroconvulsive shocks.

1968 • 55 citations

Caudate Nucleus Stimulation Retroactively Impairs Complex Maze Learning in the Rat

1971 • 55 citations

Variations in retrograde amnesia with parameters of electroconvulsive shock and time of testing.

1968 • 54 citations

Retrograde amnesia in relation to subconvulsive and convulsive currents in chicks.

1969 • 52 citations

Recovery from ECS-produced amnesia following a reminder

1967 • 48 citations

Temporal course of amnesia in rats after electroconvulsive shock

1971 • 47 citations

Effects of frontal brain electroshock stimulation on eeg activity and memory in rats: Relationship to ECS‐produced retrograde amnesia

1969 • 44 citations

Retrograde effects of amygdaloid stimulation on conditioned suppression (CER) in rats.

1970 • 43 citations

Reinforcement Magnitude as a Determinant of Performance Decrement after Electroconvulsive Shock

1968 • 43 citations

Deficits in retention and impairments in learning induced by severe hypothermia in mice.

1968 • 40 citations

Proactive effect of a single ECS on step-through performance of naive and punished mice.

1967 • 40 citations

Persistent but modifiable retrograde amnesia produced by hypothermia

1969 • 39 citations

Suppression de l'amnésie rétrograde et consolidation d'un apprentissage à essai unique par stimulation réticulaire

1970 • 39 citations

Effects of the amnesic agent flurothyl on EEG and multiple-unit activity in the chick

1970 • 38 citations

Disruptive effects of electroconvulsive shock as a function of current level and mode of delivery.

1969 • 36 citations

Retrograde amnesic effects of diethyl ether and bis(trifluoroethyl) ether.

1967 • 36 citations

Retrieval Failure Induced by Electroconvulsive Shock: Reversal with Dissimilar Training and Recovery Agents

1972 • 36 citations

Transcorneal electroconvulsive shock and retrograde amnesia in mice.

1967 • 35 citations

Effects of environmental complexity on amnesia induced by electroconvulsive shock in rats.

1970 • 35 citations

Incubation and its implications for the interpretation of the ECS gradient effect

1966 • 34 citations

Diminished amnestic effect of a second electroconvulsive seizure

1970 • 33 citations

Duration of retrograde amnesia as a function of electroconvulsive shock intensity

1969 • 32 citations

Effect of tricyanoaminopropene on the amnesic effect of electroconvulsive shock

1966 • 31 citations

Lack of retrograde amnesia effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock and carbon dioxide treatments.

1969 • 29 citations

Electrophysiological correlates of frontal cortex-induced retrograde amnesia in rats

1972 • 29 citations

A parametric study of electroshock-induced retrograde amnesia in mice

1968 • 27 citations

ECS-produced retrograde amnesia: Permanence vs. recovery over repeated testing☆

1968 • 27 citations

Retrograde amnesia after localized brain shock in passive-avoidance learning

1971 • 26 citations

The Role of Biogenic Amines in Memory Consolidation

1971 • 24 citations

Caudate stimulation and retrograde amnesia: Amnesia threshold and gradient

1972 • 24 citations

Environmental control of ECS-produced retrograde amnesia in goldfish

1970 • 22 citations

The effects of degree of learning and problem difficulty on perseveration.

1958 • 21 citations

Effects of electroshock convulsions on learning and retention in rats as a function of difficulty of the task.

1949 • 21 citations

Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on electrically induced seizures.

1953 • 20 citations

Retrograde amnesia induced by carbon dioxide inhalation

1966 • 19 citations

Effect of electroconvulsive shock duration on the gradient of retrograde amnesia

1969 • 18 citations

Two types of ECS-produced disruption of one-trial training in the rat.

1970 • 16 citations

Incubation and retrograde amnesia studied with various ECS intensities and durations

1972 • 16 citations

Memory storage processes following one-trial aversive conditioning in the chick

1973 • 16 citations

Retrograde amnesia and conditioned emotional response incubation reexamined.

1971 • 15 citations

Step-through latencies in mice as a function of ECS-test interval

1969 • 15 citations

Memory storage: Evidence that consolidation continues following electroconvulsive shock

1972 • 15 citations

Memory as influenced by a single electroconvulsive shock

1965 • 15 citations

Time course of retroactive effects of hippocampal stimulation on learning

1972 • 14 citations

Retrograde amnesia gradients as a function of ECS-intensity

1973 • 13 citations

Toward a quantitative view of the engram.

1966 • 13 citations

ECS disruption of time-dependent processes in discriminated-avoidance conditioning in rats: Incubation or consolidation?

1971 • 11 citations

Permanence of amnesia after single posttrial treatments of Metrazol or electroconvulsive shock

1967 • 11 citations

The effect of prolonged cortical spreading depression on consolidation of visual engrams in rats

1971 • 11 citations

Permanence of a long temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia induced by electroconvulsive shock

1970 • 11 citations

EFFECT OF ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS ON ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK-INDUCED RETROGRADE AMNESIA.

1965 • 11 citations

Influence of the body temperature on the EEG.

1949 • 10 citations

Localized ECS impedes taste aversion learning

1972 • 10 citations

Reduction of ECS produced retrograde amnesia by post-trial introduction of strychnine

1972 • 9 citations

Effects of posttraining electroconvulsive shock on retention-test performance involving choice.

1969 • 9 citations

Temporal gradient of recovery of a conditioned emotional response following a single electroconvulsive shock

1969 • 8 citations

Alterations in the behavioral and biochemical effects of electroconvulsive shock with nicotine

1968 • 8 citations

Posterior decortication potentiates retrograde amnesia from hippocampal stimulation

1972 • 7 citations

Retrograde Amnesia

1965 • 7 citations

Indices of memory recovery following electroconvulsive shock

1972 • 7 citations

Hippocampal Afterdischarges and Memory Disruption

1969 • 6 citations

Response : Retrograde Amnesia

1965 • 4 citations

Temporal patterning of electroshock and retrograde amnesia

1972 • 2 citations

Biology of memory. Proceedings of the symposium held at the Biological Research Institute in Tihány

1973 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations