Intestinal microbiota: Shaping local and systemic immune responses

Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora

2005 • 7,395 citations

Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells

2006 • 6,720 citations

Toll-Like Receptors

2003 • 6,127 citations

Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria

2009 • 4,117 citations

TGFβ in the Context of an Inflammatory Cytokine Milieu Supports De Novo Differentiation of IL-17-Producing T Cells

2006 • 3,545 citations

Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species

2010 • 3,305 citations

Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine

2006 • 3,102 citations

Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time

2009 • 3,002 citations

Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43

2009 • 2,795 citations

An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System

2005 • 2,687 citations

A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β– and retinoic acid–dependent mechanism

2007 • 2,575 citations

A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease

2008 • 2,187 citations

Molecular Analysis of Commensal Host-Microbial Relationships in the Intestine

2001 • 2,152 citations

IL-6 programs TH-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways

2007 • 2,031 citations

Toll Pathway-Dependent Blockade of CD4 ⁺ CD25 ⁺ T Cell-Mediated Suppression by Dendritic Cells

2003 • 2,023 citations

The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria

2008 • 1,931 citations

Reciprocal T _H 17 and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation Mediated by Retinoic Acid

2007 • 1,890 citations

Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes

2008 • 1,853 citations

NLRP6 Inflammasome Regulates Colonic Microbial Ecology and Risk for Colitis

2011 • 1,849 citations

Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid

2007 • 1,816 citations

IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cells

2007 • 1,808 citations

β-Defensins: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity Through Dendritic and T Cell CCR6

1999 • 1,760 citations

Nod2-Dependent Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Intestinal Tract

2005 • 1,741 citations

Regulatory T cells prevent catastrophic autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of mice

2006 • 1,702 citations

Specific Microbiota Direct the Differentiation of IL-17-Producing T-Helper Cells in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine

2008 • 1,653 citations

An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human–microbe mutualism and disease

2007 • 1,542 citations

Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system

2004 • 1,540 citations

Muc2-Deficient Mice Spontaneously Develop Colitis, Indicating That MUC2 Is Critical for Colonic Protection

2006 • 1,482 citations

Gut-Residing Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Drive Autoimmune Arthritis via T Helper 17 Cells

2010 • 1,474 citations

The Toll-Like Receptor 2 Pathway Establishes Colonization by a Commensal of the Human Microbiota

2011 • 1,463 citations

Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells

2007 • 1,446 citations

Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection

2011 • 1,353 citations

Symbiotic Bacteria Direct Expression of an Intestinal Bactericidal Lectin

2006 • 1,344 citations

The Key Role of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria in the Coordinated Maturation of Gut Helper T Cell Responses

2009 • 1,340 citations

Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota

2010 • 1,301 citations

The fundamental basis of inflammatory bowel disease

2007 • 1,277 citations

Host-Mediated Inflammation Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Promotes the Overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae

2007 • 1,223 citations

The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation

2009 • 1,171 citations

Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination

2011 • 1,156 citations

The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction.

1997 • 1,088 citations

Role of conserved non-coding DNA elements in the Foxp3 gene in regulatory T-cell fate

2010 • 1,064 citations

Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells

2002 • 1,055 citations

Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity

2010 • 1,047 citations

ATP drives lamina propria TH17 cell differentiation

2008 • 1,035 citations

Natural and Adaptive Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: More of the Same or a Division of Labor?

2009 • 1,026 citations

Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis

2008 • 1,014 citations

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Inflammation to Compete with the Intestinal Microbiota

2007 • 1,005 citations

Lamina propria macrophages and dendritic cells differentially induce regulatory and interleukin 17–producing T cell responses

2007 • 968 citations

Generation of Gut-Homing IgA-Secreting B Cells by Intestinal Dendritic Cells

2006 • 963 citations

Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota

2011 • 961 citations

Interleukin 27 negatively regulates the development of interleukin 17–producing T helper cells during chronic inflammation of the central nervous system

2006 • 947 citations

Communicable Ulcerative Colitis Induced by T-bet Deficiency in the Innate Immune System

2007 • 880 citations

Nod-like proteins in immunity, inflammation and disease

2006 • 866 citations

Intestinal Tolerance Requires Gut Homing and Expansion of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in the Lamina Propria

2011 • 832 citations

Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenicE. coliadherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression

1999 • 820 citations

All-trans retinoic acid mediates enhanced T reg cell growth, differentiation, and gut homing in the face of high levels of co-stimulation

2007 • 813 citations

Effect of antimicrobial agents on the ecological balance of human microflora

2001 • 807 citations

Interleukin 10 acts on regulatory T cells to maintain expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 and suppressive function in mice with colitis

2009 • 798 citations

Smad3 and NFAT cooperate to induce Foxp3 expression through its enhancer

2007 • 770 citations

Enterobacteriaceae Act in Concert with the Gut Microbiota to Induce Spontaneous and Maternally Transmitted Colitis

2010 • 747 citations

Reversible Microbial Colonization of Germ-Free Mice Reveals the Dynamics of IgA Immune Responses

2010 • 747 citations

Selective probiotic bacteria induce IL-10–producing regulatory T cells in vitro by modulating dendritic cell function through dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3–grabbing nonintegrin

2005 • 743 citations

Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5

2008 • 721 citations

Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease

2004 • 698 citations

Aberrant expansion of segmented filamentous bacteria in IgA-deficient gut

2004 • 678 citations

Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement

2006 • 677 citations

Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease

2004 • 666 citations

Regulatory interactions between CD45RBhigh and CD45RBlow CD4+ T cells are important for the balance between protective and pathogenic cell-mediated immunity.

1994 • 630 citations

Intestinal Microbiota Promote Enteric Virus Replication and Systemic Pathogenesis

2011 • 597 citations

Decrease of Foxp3+ Treg Cell Number and Acquisition of Effector Cell Phenotype during Lethal Infection

2009 • 563 citations

Preferential Generation of Follicular B Helper T Cells from Foxp3 ⁺ T Cells in Gut Peyer's Patches

2009 • 559 citations

The Role of Retinoic Acid in Tolerance and Immunity

2011 • 516 citations

In vivo equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17+ and regulatory IL-10+ Foxp3+ RORγt+ T cells

2008 • 509 citations

Probiotics Ameliorate Recurrent Th1-Mediated Murine Colitis by Inducing IL-10 and IL-10-Dependent TGF-β-Bearing Regulatory Cells

2005 • 507 citations

Oral tolerance

2011 • 502 citations

Commensal DNA Limits Regulatory T Cell Conversion and Is a Natural Adjuvant of Intestinal Immune Responses

2008 • 487 citations

Oral tolerance in the absence of naturally occurring Tregs

2005 • 474 citations

Regulatory T Cells in the Control of Host-Microorganism Interactions

2009 • 469 citations

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells Induce Monocyte Emigration in Response to Circulating Toll-like Receptor Ligands

2011 • 463 citations

Regulatory T cells suppress systemic and mucosal immune activation to control intestinal inflammation

2006 • 463 citations

Host-Mediated Inflammation Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Promotes the Overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae

2007 • 461 citations

Identification of Multiple Isolated Lymphoid Follicles on the Antimesenteric Wall of the Mouse Small Intestine

2002 • 460 citations

Toll-like receptor 2 signaling modulates the functions of CD4⁺CD25⁺regulatory T cells

2006 • 441 citations

Mucosal antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease are directed against intestinal bacteria.

1996 • 437 citations

Detection of pathogenic intestinal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5 on intestinal CD11c+ lamina propria cells

2006 • 436 citations

Deletion of TLR5 results in spontaneous colitis in mice

2007 • 415 citations

Adaptive Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Control of Allergic Inflammation

2008 • 406 citations

Naturally transmitted segmented filamentous bacteria segregate with diabetes protection in nonobese diabetic mice

2011 • 405 citations

A dominant, coordinated T regulatory cell-IgA response to the intestinal microbiota

2009 • 400 citations

Oral tolerance: Basic mechanisms and applications of oral tolerance

2011 • 395 citations

The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases

2005 • 389 citations

Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: A hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa

2007 • 385 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling by Intestinal Microbes Influences Susceptibility to Food Allergy

2004 • 373 citations

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Are Potent Stimuli of a Physiologically Normal State of the Murine Gut Mucosal Immune System

1999 • 370 citations

Essential Role for Retinoic Acid in the Promotion of CD4+ T Cell Effector Responses via Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha

2011 • 364 citations

Successful Transmission of a Retrovirus Depends on the Commensal Microbiota

2011 • 359 citations

Commensal-Induced Regulatory T Cells Mediate Protection against Pathogen-Stimulated NF-κB Activation

2008 • 354 citations

Innate immune recognition of infected apoptotic cells directs TH17 cell differentiation

2009 • 348 citations

Lactobacillus reuteri–induced Regulatory T cells Protect against an Allergic Airway Response in Mice

2008 • 347 citations

Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease Protection by the Human Commensal Bacteroides fragilis Depends on Polysaccharide A Expression

2010 • 343 citations

Gram-Negative Bacteria Aggravate Murine Small Intestinal Th1-Type Immunopathology following Oral Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

2006 • 339 citations

Probiotic‐induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory‐dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma

2006 • 330 citations

Toll-like receptor 2–dependent induction of vitamin A–metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells promotes T regulatory responses and inhibits autoimmunity

2009 • 292 citations

Exploitation of the Intestinal Microflora by the Parasitic Nematode Trichuris muris

2010 • 291 citations

Feeding Our Immune System: Impact on Metabolism

2008 • 287 citations

γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host–microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface

2011 • 276 citations

Development of Allergic Airway Disease in Mice following Antibiotic Therapy and Fungal Microbiota Increase: Role of Host Genetics, Antigen, and Interleukin-13

2004 • 267 citations

A Key Role of Dendritic Cells in Probiotic Functionality

2007 • 264 citations

The role of TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs in mucosal innate immunity and homeostasis

2009 • 259 citations

Impaired regulatory T cell function in germ‐free mice

2006 • 241 citations

Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea

2004 • 233 citations

The Sensing of Environmental Stimuli by Follicular Dendritic Cells Promotes Immunoglobulin A Generation in the Gut

2010 • 233 citations

Does Antibiotic Exposure During Infancy Lead to Development of Asthma?

2006 • 221 citations

Gut Commensal Bacteria Direct a Protective Immune Response against Toxoplasma gondii

2009 • 209 citations

Enteric Flora Expands Gut Lamina Propria CX3CR1+ Dendritic Cells Supporting Inflammatory Immune Responses under Normal and Inflammatory Conditions

2010 • 194 citations

Debugging how Bacteria Manipulate the Immune Response

2007 • 189 citations

Toll-like receptor driven B cell activation in the induction of systemic autoimmunity

2011 • 185 citations

Gut-Tropic T Cells That Express Integrin α4β7 and CCR9 Are Required for Induction of Oral Immune Tolerance in Mice

2011 • 183 citations

Th17 Cells Induce Colitis and Promote Th1 Cell Responses through IL-17 Induction of Innate IL-12 and IL-23 Production

2011 • 182 citations

Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 by DNA from Different Bacterial Species

2006 • 182 citations

Segmented filamentous bacteria in a defined bacterial cocktail induce intestinal inflammation in SCID mice reconstituted with CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells

2007 • 181 citations

Secretory IgA-Mediated Neutralization of Shigella flexneri Prevents Intestinal Tissue Destruction by Down-Regulating Inflammatory Circuits

2009 • 164 citations

Downregulation of Th17 Cells in the Small Intestine by Disruption of Gut Flora in the Absence of Retinoic Acid

2010 • 158 citations

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS converts germfree mice to sensitivity to oral tolerance induction.

1982 • 157 citations

Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights into the Host-Microbiota Dialog

2011 • 150 citations

Lactobacillus fermentum ACA-DC 179 displays probiotic potential in vitro and protects against trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and Salmonella infection in murine models

2007 • 149 citations

Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Driven by T-bet Deficiency in Dendritic Cells

2009 • 149 citations

Interleukin-12 Converts Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells to Interferon–γ-Producing Foxp3+ T Cells That Inhibit Colitis

2011 • 147 citations

TLR4 signaling in effector CD4+ T cells regulates TCR activation and experimental colitis in mice

2010 • 142 citations

The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota

2009 • 142 citations

Mucosal immunity and allergic responses: lack of regulation and/or lack of microbial stimulation?

2005 • 120 citations

A retinoic acid–dependent checkpoint in the development of CD4+ T cell–mediated immunity

2011 • 118 citations

Lactobacillus Acidophilus Strain L-92 Regulates the Production of Th1 Cytokine as well as Th2 Cytokines

2007 • 117 citations

Lack of oral tolerance in C3H/HeJ mice.

1982 • 116 citations

Normal proportion and expression of maturation markers in migratory dendritic cells in the absence of germs or Toll‐like receptor signaling

2007 • 100 citations

Regulation of C-type Lectin Antimicrobial Activity by a Flexible N-terminal Prosegment

2008 • 87 citations

CpG DNA inhibits CD4+CD25+ Treg suppression through direct MyD88-dependent costimulation of effector CD4+ T cells

2007 • 79 citations

Restricted Microbiota and Absence of Cognate TCR Antigen Leads to an Unbalanced Generation of Th17 Cells

2010 • 71 citations

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS influence on oral tolerance induction.

1982 • 70 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 5-Deficient Mice Have Dysregulated Intestinal Gene Expression and Nonspecific Resistance to Salmonella -Induced Typhoid-Like Disease

2008 • 57 citations

Gut-derived commensal bacterial products inhibit liver dendritic cell maturation by stimulating hepatic interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activity

2007 • 57 citations

Dendritic cells in germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice have similar phenotypes and in vitro antigen presenting function

2005 • 49 citations