Learning from tests: Effects of spacing

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

1972 • 9,205 citations

Short-term retention of individual verbal items.

1959 • 2,873 citations

Some Tests of the Decay Theory of Immediate Memory

1958 • 1,421 citations

Recency-sensitive retrieval processes in long-term free recall

1974 • 559 citations

The situation with respect to the spacing of repetitions and memory

1970 • 510 citations

Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression.

1955 • 509 citations

The effects of presentation and recall of material in free-recall learning

1967 • 386 citations

Differential effects of study and test trials on long-term recognition and recall

1971 • 273 citations

Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning.

1955 • 246 citations

Verbal behavior and learning: Problems and processes.

1963 • 235 citations

Stimulus meaningfulness and paired-associate transfer: An encoding variability hypothesis.

1968 • 234 citations

Effects of recall tests on long-term retention of paired associates

1969 • 182 citations

Memory without organization: Properties of a model with random storage and undirected retrieval

1975 • 155 citations

Reinforcement as consolidation.

1969 • 140 citations

Optimal potentiating effects and forgetting-prevention effects of tests in paired-associate learning.

1970 • 117 citations

Rehearsal and transfer to LTM

1972 • 113 citations

Positive recency effect in a delayed free recall

1973 • 111 citations

Reinforcement-Test Sequences in Paired-Associate Learning

1966 • 81 citations

Paired-associate learning with massed and distributed repetitions of items.

1964 • 73 citations

Function of test trials in paired-associate learning.

1967 • 68 citations

Is a test trial a training trial in free recall learning?

1968 • 62 citations

Encoding processes, rehearsal, and recall requirements

1973 • 60 citations

Reinforcement-test intervals in paired-associate learning

1971 • 56 citations

Supplementary report: Time between pairings and short-term retention.

1962 • 54 citations

Output effects in multitrial free recall

1971 • 46 citations

Immediate Memory: Data and Theory.

2006 • 41 citations

Study versus test trials and long-term retention in free-recall learning

1971 • 36 citations

Effect of tests without feedback and presentation-test interval in paired-associate learning.

1967 • 33 citations

Effects of test trials in paired-associate and free-recall learning

1970 • 29 citations

Consolidation in human memory: Retrograde amnestic effects of confusable items in paired-associate learning

1974 • 21 citations

Rehearsal, Interference, And Spacing Of Practice In Short-term Memory.

1969 • 7 citations

Reinforcement-test-blank acquisition programming under the unmixed-list design in paired-associate learning

1970 • 4 citations

Retrieval Depth And Retrieval Component Processes: A Levels-of-processing Interpretation Of Learning During Retrieval.

1974 • 2 citations