Understanding the artefact problem in freeze‐fracture replication: a review

Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy

1971 • 698 citations

Practical methods in electron microscopy

1976 • 531 citations

Organization of acetylcholine receptors in quick-frozen, deep-etched, and rotary-replicated Torpedo postsynaptic membrane.

1979 • 429 citations

Complete vitrification in pure liquid water and dilute aqueous solutions

1980 • 387 citations

Electron microscopy after rapid freezing on a metal surface and substitution fixation

1964 • 366 citations

Electron Microscopy and Cytochemistry of Plant Cells

1979 • 362 citations

TRANSLATIONAL MOBILITY OF THE MEMBRANE INTERCALATED PARTICLES OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE GHOSTS

1972 • 325 citations

Regular Arrays of Macromolecules on Bacterial Cell Walls: Structure, Chemistry, Assembly, and Function

1978 • 273 citations

Lamellar and hexagonal lipid phases visualized by freeze-etching

1970 • 262 citations

Freeze-etching: techniques and applications

1973 • 244 citations

Recent progress in the freeze-etching technique

1971 • 228 citations

Freezing in a propane jet and its application in freeze-fracturing.

1980 • 212 citations

Freeze Fracture: Methods, Artifacts, and Interpretations

1979 • 210 citations

CRYOPROTECTANT-INDUCED REDISTRIBUTION OF INTRAMEMBRANOUS PARTICLES IN MOUSE LYMPHOCYTES

1974 • 200 citations

Preservation of Synaptic Structure by Rapid Freezing

1976 • 190 citations

Freeze-fracture studies of the developing cell surface. II. Particle-free membrane blisters on glutaraldehyde-fixed corneal fibroblasts are artefacts.

1978 • 179 citations

Improved Cryofixation Applicable to Freeze Etching

1971 • 162 citations

Structure of rapidly frozen gap junctions.

1980 • 160 citations

A copper block method for freezing non-cryoprotected tissue to produce ice-crystal-free regions for electron microscopy

1976 • 154 citations

A SIMPLE FREEZE-FRACTURE REPLICATION METHOD FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1966 • 152 citations

Freeze-fracture morphology of biological membranes

1978 • 141 citations

The use of low temperature X‐ray diffraction to evaluate freezing methods used in freeze‐fracture electron microscopy

1978 • 117 citations

Specific labelling of the protein and lipid on the extracellular surface of purple membrane

1978 • 113 citations

Effects of glutaraldehyde fixation on the structure of tight junctions. A quantitative freeze-fracture analysis

1979 • 107 citations

Plastic deformation during freeze-cleavage: a review

1977 • 96 citations

Freeze-Etching and Freeze-Fracturing

1973 • 94 citations

Ultrastructural Study of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Granules from Bacillus cereus

1973 • 93 citations

Freeze-fracturing in ultrahigh vacuum at -196 degrees C.

1978 • 80 citations

The Architecture of Biological and Artificial Membranes as Visualized by Freeze Etching

1975 • 79 citations

Membrane particles on fracture faces of frozen myelin.

1975 • 78 citations

Endothelial Cell Membranes: Polarity of Particles as Seen by Freeze-Fracturing

1973 • 78 citations

Membrane-associated vesicles in fibroblasts

1977 • 73 citations

Temperature and contamination dependent freeze-etch images of frozen water and glycerol solutions

1971 • 71 citations

FREEZE ETCHING OF CELLS WITHOUT CRYOPROTECTANTS

1972 • 70 citations

Freeze-Etch Study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Localization Within the Cell Wall of an Ethylenediaminetetraacetate-Extractable Component

1973 • 66 citations

Freeze-Etching of Bacteria

1972 • 60 citations

Decoration of specific sites on freeze-fractured membranes.

1978 • 56 citations

Distribution of Transmembrane Polypeptides in Freeze Fracture

1979 • 56 citations

Collapse phenomena in freeze-drying

1977 • 52 citations

Evaluation of membrane structure facts and artefacts produced during freeze‐fracturing

1977 • 51 citations

Electron Microscopic Methods in Membrane Biology

1976 • 47 citations

Organization of mesosomes in fixed and unfixed cells

1976 • 46 citations

Quick freezing vs. chemical fixation: Capture and identification of membrane fusion intermediates

1980 • 46 citations

Apparatus for ultrashadowing of freeze etched electron microscopic specimens

1970 • 45 citations

FREEZE-FRACTURED MYOSIN FILAMENTS

1972 • 42 citations

The correlation between the saturation of membrane fatty acids and the presence of membrane fracture faces after osmium fixation

1971 • 42 citations

Influence of cell cycle and cell movement on the distribution of intramembranous particles in contact-inhibited and transformed cells

1974 • 40 citations

The Structure of Tight Junctions

1978 • 38 citations

Freeze‐fracturing: a review of methods and results

1977 • 37 citations

An examination of the relationship between freeze-fractured plasmalemma and cell-wall microfibrils

1976 • 33 citations

Prefracture and cold-fracture images of yeast plasma membranes.

1980 • 32 citations

Close-to-life preservation of Staphylococcus aureus mesosomes for transmission electron microscopy

1974 • 31 citations

Modulation of the distribution of plasma membrane tramembranous particles in contact-inhibited and transformed cells

1975 • 31 citations

Changes of particle frequency in freeze‐etched erythrocyte membranes after fixation

1975 • 28 citations

Filaments but no Membranous Transcellular Strands in Sieve Pores in Freeze-etched, Translocating Phloem

1973 • 27 citations

Methods in Membrane Biology

1975 • 25 citations

Freezing, fracturing, and etching artifacts in particulate suspensions

1980 • 24 citations

Effect of fixatives on fracture plane in red blood cells

1974 • 24 citations

The effects of various pre‐treatments on the freeze‐etching of root tips

1970 • 22 citations

Some artifacts of the freeze-etching technique

1972 • 22 citations

Complementary freeze‐fracture, freeze‐etch specimens

1979 • 21 citations

Effects of glutaraldehyde and glycerol on freeze‐fractured Escherichia coli

1980 • 21 citations

Die Reaktion hochpermeabler Pflanzenzellen auf drei Gefrierschutzstoffe (Glyzerin, äthylenglykol, Dimethylsulfoxid)

1968 • 20 citations

Particle segregation in chromaffin granule membranes by forced physical contact

1978 • 19 citations

Plant cell-wall microfibril disposition revealed by freeze-fractured plasmalemma not treated with glycerol

1975 • 17 citations

Polymorphism of the mesosome in Bacillus licheniformis (749/C and 749)

1976 • 17 citations

Particle displacement in epithelial cell membranes of rat prostate and pancreas induced by routine low temperature fixation

1980 • 16 citations

A simple device for obtaining complementary fracture planes at liquid helium temperature in the freeze‐etching technique

1974 • 16 citations

Der frostge�tzte Bakterienkern

1968 • 15 citations

Delayed fixation alters the pattern of intramembrane particles in mammalian muscle fibers

1980 • 14 citations

Freeze-fracturing in normal vacuum reveals ringlike yeast plasmalemma structures

1978 • 13 citations

Freeze-etching of the outer membranes of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter

1974 • 12 citations

Zur Gefrierfixierung w��riger L�sungen

1972 • 11 citations

Influence of cryofixation procedures on organization and partition of intramembrane particles

1978 • 10 citations

Die Gefrierresistenz glyzerinbehandelterCampanula-Zellen

1968 • 9 citations

Selective decoration of hydrophilic moieties of membrane molecules in freeze fracture

1979 • 9 citations

The relationship of plastic deformation in freeze‐etching to the orientation of a protein particle

1975 • 9 citations

A study on the interpretation of freeze-etched animal tissues and cell organelles.

1970 • 8 citations

Ultrastructure of red cells frozen with hydroxyethyl starch

1979 • 6 citations

Interpretation of yeast plasma membrane structure

1980 • 5 citations

Interpretation of morphological data obtained by freeze-fracturing at very low temperatures.

1981 • 3 citations

UHV freeze-facturing and image processing applied to the purple membrane

1978 • 1 citations