The Neural Code of the Retina

The Mathematical Theory of Communication

1950 • 10,269 citations

Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells

1987 • 3,200 citations

Some informational aspects of visual perception.

1954 • 2,854 citations

Sensory Communication

1961 • 2,849 citations

The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat

1966 • 2,642 citations

DISCHARGE PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF MAMMALIAN RETINA

1953 • 2,579 citations

Mathematical Theory of Communication

2008 • 2,511 citations

On the existence of neurones in the human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal images

1969 • 2,040 citations

The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina.

1965 • 1,555 citations

What Is the Goal of Sensory Coding?

1994 • 1,213 citations

Foundations of vision

1995 • 1,191 citations

The Retina: An Approachable Part of the Brain

1989 • 1,120 citations

ENERGY, QUANTA, AND VISION

1942 • 1,101 citations

Functional architecture of the mammalian retina

1991 • 1,082 citations

Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina

1982 • 1,028 citations

Entropy and Information in Neural Spike Trains

1998 • 1,002 citations

Summation and inhibition in the frog's retina

1953 • 880 citations

Chapter 9 Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls

1984 • 874 citations

The statistics of natural images

1994 • 865 citations

Change of organization in the receptive fields of the cat's retina during dark adaptation

1957 • 787 citations

Quantitative analysis of cat retinal ganglion cell response to visual stimuli

1965 • 768 citations

What Does the Retina Know about Natural Scenes?

1992 • 723 citations

Statistics of cone responses to natural images: implications for visual coding

1998 • 698 citations

Could information theory provide an ecological theory of sensory processing?

2011 • 693 citations

The identification of nonlinear biological systems: Wiener and Hammerstein cascade models

1986 • 644 citations

The First Steps in Seeing

1998 • 591 citations

Adaptation of retinal processing to image contrast and spatial scale

1997 • 544 citations

The effect of contrast on the transfer properties of cat retinal ganglion cells.

1978 • 540 citations

Changes in time scale and sensitivity in turtle photoreceptors

1974 • 539 citations

Contrast gain control in the cat's visual system

1985 • 527 citations

Precisely correlated firing in cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus

1996 • 521 citations

The structure and precision of retinal spike trains

1997 • 517 citations

Modelling the Power Spectra of Natural Images: Statistics and Information

1996 • 512 citations

Trichromacy, opponent colours coding and optimum colour information transmission in the retina

1983 • 510 citations

Efficient Coding of Natural Scenes in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: Experimental Test of a Computational Theory

1996 • 493 citations

Linear and nonlinear spatial subunits in Y cat retinal ganglion cells.

1976 • 481 citations

Could information theory provide an ecological theory of sensory processing?

1992 • 459 citations

Predictive coding--I

1955 • 455 citations

Statistics of natural time-varying images

1995 • 443 citations

Decoding Visual Information From a Population of Retinal Ganglion Cells

1997 • 423 citations

Refractoriness and Neural Precision

1998 • 419 citations

Parallel Processing in the Visual System

1983 • 385 citations

A Tonic Hyperpolarization Underlying Contrast Adaptation in Cat Visual Cortex

1997 • 378 citations

The quantum character of light and its bearing upon threshold of vision, the differential sensitivity and visual acuity of the eye

1943 • 364 citations

Concerted Signaling by Retinal Ganglion Cells

1995 • 357 citations

Origins of scaling in natural images

1997 • 354 citations

The limiting information capacity of a neuronal link

1952 • 348 citations

Phototransduction mechanism in retinal rods and cones. The Friedenwald Lecture.

1994 • 335 citations

Mosaic Arrangement of Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields in Rabbit Retina

1997 • 332 citations

MAINTAINED ACTIVITY IN THE CAT'S RETINA IN LIGHT AND DARKNESS

1957 • 299 citations

Quality of retinal image stabilization during small natural and artificial body rotations in man

1979 • 292 citations

Changes in the maintained discharge with adaptation level in the cat retina

1969 • 292 citations

Size, scatter and coverage of ganglion cell receptive field centres in the cat retina.

1979 • 285 citations

Spatial contrast adaptation characteristics of neurones recorded in the cat's visual cortex.

1984 • 284 citations

Responses to single quanta of light in retinal ganglion cells of the cat

1971 • 271 citations

A theory of maximizing sensory information

1992 • 271 citations

Single neuron computation

1992 • 270 citations

Spatio‐temporal interactions in cat retinal ganglion cells showing linear spatial summation.

1983 • 268 citations

Responses to acetylcholine of ganglion cells in an isolated mammalian retina

1976 • 260 citations

Correlated firing of cat retinal ganglion cells. I. Spontaneously active inputs to X- and Y-cells

1983 • 256 citations

Three factors limiting the reliable detection of light by retinal ganglion cells of the cat

1969 • 254 citations

Regulation of sensitivity in vertebrate rod photoreceptors by calcium

1996 • 237 citations

Mechanisms of Concerted Firing among Retinal Ganglion Cells

1998 • 236 citations

The dynamics of the cat retinal X cell centre.

1987 • 234 citations

Receptive field structure in the primate retina

1996 • 229 citations

A theory about the functional role and synaptic mechanism of visual after-effects

1991 • 225 citations

Response Variability and Timing Precision of Neuronal Spike Trains In Vivo

1997 • 216 citations

Light adaptation in the primate retina: Analysis of changes in gain and dynamics of monkey retinal ganglion cells

1990 • 203 citations

How the contrast gain control modifies the frequency responses of cat retinal ganglion cells.

1981 • 198 citations

Adaptation and dynamics of cat retinal ganglion cells

1973 • 190 citations

Correlated firing of retinal ganglion cells

1989 • 182 citations

Responses of cat retinal ganglion cells to brief flashes of light

1970 • 182 citations

Predictable eye-head coordination during driving

1992 • 179 citations

Light adaptation in retinal rods of the rabbit and two other nonprimate mammals.

1991 • 178 citations

The nonlinear pathway of Y ganglion cells in the cat retina.

1979 • 176 citations

Visual transduction in human rod photoreceptors.

1993 • 170 citations

RESPONSE OF CAT RETINAL GANGLION CELLS TO MOVING VISUAL PATTERNS

1965 • 165 citations

Multineuronal codes in retinal signaling.

1996 • 160 citations

Saturation and adaptation in the rod system

1982 • 155 citations

Understanding Retinal Color Coding from First Principles

1992 • 154 citations

Correlated Firing in Rabbit Retinal Ganglion Cells

1999 • 146 citations

Neural activity in areas V1, V2 and V4 during free viewing of natural scenes compared to controlled viewing

1998 • 141 citations

The receptive field organization of X-cells in the cat: Spatiotemporal coupling and asymmetry

1984 • 135 citations

Flux, not retinal illumination, is what cat retinal ganglion cells really care about

1973 • 132 citations

Nonlinear spatial summation and the contrast gain control of cat retinal ganglion cells.

1979 • 128 citations

Response variability in retinal ganglion cells of primates.

1993 • 127 citations

Statistical dependence between neighboring retinal ganglion cells in goldfish

1978 • 121 citations

The receptive field of the primate P retinal ganglion cell, I: Linear dynamics

1997 • 121 citations

Steady discharges of X and Y retinal ganglion cells of cat under photopic illuminance

1992 • 118 citations

Vision in Fishes

1975 • 117 citations

Single Neuron Computation

1992 • 114 citations

Cross‐correlation analysis of the maintained discharge of rabbit retinal ganglion cells.

1981 • 102 citations

Response latency of brisk‐sustained (X) and brisk‐transient (Y) cells in the cat retina

1982 • 99 citations

The time course of adaptation in macaque retinal ganglion cells

1996 • 97 citations

Visual performance of the toad (Bufo bufo) at low light levels: retinal ganglion cell responses and prey-catching accuracy

1993 • 91 citations

A Model of the Directional Selectivity Circuit in Retina: Transformations by Neurons Singly and in Concert

1992 • 89 citations

Signal transmission in the catfish retina. V. Sensitivity and circuit

1987 • 89 citations

Neural activity in areas V1, V2 and V4 during free viewing of natural scenes compared to controlled viewing

1998 • 85 citations

The receptive‐field spatial structure of cat retinal Y cells.

1987 • 84 citations

Light responses of ganglion cells in the retina of the turtle

1980 • 78 citations

Dissection of the neuron network in the catfish inner retina. III. Interpretation of spike kernels

1989 • 76 citations

Steady discharges of macaque retinal ganglion cells

1994 • 74 citations

The dynamics of the cat retinal Y cell subunit.

1988 • 72 citations

Asymmetric Dynamics in Optimal Variance Adaptation

1998 • 71 citations

X and Y ganglion cells inform the cat's brain about contrast in the retinal image

1993 • 71 citations

Adaptation in catfish retina

1979 • 64 citations

Cell ratios in the thalamo‐cortical visual system of Macaca mulatta

1950 • 64 citations

The dark-adaptation of single units in the frog's retina and its relation to the regeneration of rhodopsin

1965 • 62 citations

Dynamic Characteristics of Retinal Ganglion Cell Responses in Goldfish

1972 • 58 citations

Flicker adaptation in the peripheral retina

1987 • 56 citations

Weber and noise adaptation in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus.

1990 • 53 citations

Laminar cell counts and geniculo-cortical boutons in area 17 of cat and monkey

1983 • 46 citations

Contrast gain control in the lower vertebrate retinas [published erratum appears in J Gen Physiol 1995 Aug;106(2):following 388]

1995 • 44 citations

Alpha ganglion cells of the rabbit retina lose antagonistic surround responses under dark adaptation

1997 • 42 citations

The spike generating mechanism of cat retinal ganglion cells

1989 • 42 citations

Retinal origins of the temperature effect on absolute visual sensitivity in frogs.

1993 • 42 citations

Changes in retinal time scale under background light: Observations on rods and ganglion cells in the frog retina

1995 • 39 citations

The receptive field of the primate P retinal ganglion cell, II: Nonlinear dynamics

1997 • 36 citations

A model for the variability of interspike intervals during sustained firing of a retinal neuron

1977 • 35 citations

Correlation of activity in neighbouring goldfish ganglion cells: relationship between latency and lag.

1983 • 28 citations

Response dynamics and receptive-field organization of catfish amacrine cells

1992 • 24 citations

Chapter 6 Neuron network in catfish retina: 1968–1987

1988 • 20 citations

Contrast adaptation in striate cortical neurons of the nocturnal primate bush baby (Galago crassicaudatus)

1993 • 18 citations

Neuron network in catfish retina

1985 • 17 citations

Variability of responses of cat retinal ganglion cells

1992 • 16 citations

Variability in responses of retinal ganglion cells

1988 • 14 citations

Response dynamics and receptive-field organization of catfish ganglion cells [published erratum appears in J Gen Physiol 1995 Aug;106(2):following 388]

1995 • 11 citations

Adaptation to light fluctuations in the frog retina.

1991 • 9 citations

The variation in the light responses of carp retinal ganglion cells is independent of response amplitude

1987 • 5 citations