Consensus paper on short-interval intracortical inhibition and other transcranial magnetic stimulation intracortical paradigms in movement disorders

Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex.

1993 • 3,033 citations

Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

1996 • 1,098 citations

Differential effects on motorcortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in humans

1999 • 855 citations

The effect of lorazepam on the motor cortical excitability in man

1996 • 766 citations

Human motor evoked responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli

1992 • 669 citations

Magnetic transcranial stimulation at intensities below active motor threshold activates intracortical inhibitory circuits

1998 • 617 citations

Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans.

1997 • 608 citations

Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia.

1995 • 591 citations

TMS and drugs

2004 • 591 citations

The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report of an IFCN committee

2007 • 579 citations

Changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry in patients with parkinson's disease

1995 • 558 citations

The role of GABAB receptors in intracortical inhibition in the human motor cortex

2006 • 525 citations

Short‐interval paired‐pulse inhibition and facilitation of human motor cortex: the dimension of stimulus intensity

2002 • 521 citations

Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex

2001 • 514 citations

Demonstration of facilitatory I wave interaction in the human motor cortex by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation

1998 • 432 citations

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in writer’s cramp

1999 • 424 citations

Time course of corticospinal excitability in reaction time and self‐paced movements

1998 • 404 citations

Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions induced a marked increase of the transcranially evoked silent period in a patient with generalized dystonia

1998 • 403 citations

Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex

1998 • 400 citations

Decreased motor inhibition in Tourette's disorder: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation

1997 • 385 citations

The effect of voluntary contraction on cortico‐cortical inhibition in human motor cortex.

1995 • 379 citations

Mechanism of the silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation

1999 • 377 citations

Two phases of intracortical inhibition revealed by transcranial magnetic threshold tracking

2002 • 372 citations

Remote changes in cortical excitability after stroke

2003 • 357 citations

On the origin of the postexcitatory inhibition seen after transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in awake human subjects

1993 • 304 citations

Evidence for Impaired Cortical Inhibition in Schizophrenia Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2002 • 292 citations

Altered cortical excitability in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2000 • 284 citations

Task-specific hand dystonia: can too much plasticity be bad for you?

2006 • 268 citations

The glutamate antagonist Riluzole suppresses intracortical facilitation

1997 • 267 citations

Cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease

1996 • 243 citations

Two phases of short-interval intracortical inhibition

2003 • 232 citations

Impaired inhibition in writer's cramp during voluntary muscle activation

1997 • 225 citations

Effects of botulinum toxin type A on intracortical inhibition in patients with dystonia

2000 • 217 citations

Effects of phenytoin on cortical excitability in humans

1997 • 203 citations

Origin of Facilitation of Motor-Evoked Potentials After Paired Magnetic Stimulation: Direct Recording of Epidural Activity in Conscious Humans

2006 • 195 citations

Pathophysiological differences between musician's dystonia and writer's cramp

2005 • 193 citations

Cortical and spinal abnormalities in psychogenic dystonia

2006 • 188 citations

Responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in resting, active, and recently activated muscles

1996 • 181 citations

Role of Intracortical Inhibition in Selective Hand Muscle Activation

2003 • 178 citations

Ipsilateral cortico-cortical inhibition of the motor cortex in various neurological disorders

1996 • 166 citations

Alterations of motor cortical inhibition in patients with dystonia

1998 • 159 citations

Different patterns of electrophysiological deficits in manifesting and non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation

2003 • 149 citations

Children with comorbid attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder: Evidence for additive inhibitory deficits within the motor system

2001 • 135 citations

Differential Modulation of Intracortical Inhibition in Human Motor Cortex during Selective Activation of an Intrinsic Hand Muscle

2003 • 135 citations

Abnormalities of the balance between inhibition and excitation in the motor cortex of patients with cortical myoclonus

1996 • 134 citations

Excitability of motor cortex inhibitory circuits in Tourette syndrome before and after single dose nicotine

2005 • 128 citations

Effects of chronic levodopa and pergolide treatment on cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson's disease: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

2000 • 125 citations

Impaired Modulation of Intracortical Inhibition in Focal Hand Dystonia

2004 • 123 citations

Further evidence to support different mechanisms underlying intracortical inhibition of the motor cortex

2003 • 119 citations

Cerebral Blood-Flow Changes Induced by Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex

2001 • 114 citations

Cortical excitability is abnormal in patients with the “fixed dystonia” syndrome

2008 • 109 citations

Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Movement Disorders

2002 • 105 citations

Motor training as treatment in focal hand dystonia

2004 • 102 citations

Direct demonstration of long latency cortico-cortical inhibition in normal subjects and in a patient with vascular parkinsonism

2002 • 100 citations

Intracortical inhibition and facilitation are impaired in patients with early Parkinson's disease: a paired TMS study

2003 • 99 citations

Pathways mediating abnormal intracortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease

2005 • 98 citations

Enhancement of inhibitory mechanisms in the motor cortex of patients with cerebellar degeneration: a study with transcranial magnetic brain stimulation

1996 • 98 citations

Early and Late Intracortical Inhibition in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

2000 • 94 citations

Hyperexcitable cortical responses in progressive myoclonic epilepsy

2001 • 90 citations

Motor cortex activation by transcranial magnetic stimulation in ataxia patients depends on the genetic defect

2002 • 88 citations

Sensorimotor reorganization by proprioceptive training in musician's dystonia and writer's cramp

2007 • 86 citations

Focal Dystonia and Repetitive Motion Disorders

1998 • 86 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Evoked Cortical Inhibition: A Consistent Marker of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scores in Tourette Syndrome

2005 • 86 citations

Intracortical excitability in the hand motor representation in hand dystonia and blepharospasm

2002 • 84 citations

Effect of apomorphine on cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease patients: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

2001 • 82 citations

Modulation of postural wrist tremors by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor and in normal subjects mimicking tremor

1993 • 82 citations

Corticospinal System Excitability at Rest Is Associated with Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome

2008 • 81 citations

Intracortical inhibition and facilitation are abnormal in Huntington's disease: a paired magnetic stimulation study

1997 • 81 citations

Abnormalities of motor cortex excitability preceding movement in patients with dystonia

2003 • 77 citations

Abnormalities of cortical excitability and cortical inhibition in cervical dystonia

2003 • 76 citations

Facilitation of rhythmic events in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

1999 • 76 citations

Task‐dependent intracortical inhibition is impaired in focal hand dystonia

2005 • 76 citations

Elevated threshold for intracortical inhibition in focal hand dystonia

2004 • 72 citations

Restoration of Disturbed Intracortical Motor Inhibition and Facilitation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children by Methylphenidate

2007 • 71 citations

Reduced intracortical facilitation in patients with cerebellar degeneration

2009 • 66 citations

Cortical excitability in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2007 • 63 citations

Motor cortex inhibition in patients with ataxia

1994 • 62 citations

Decreased cortical inhibition and yet cerebellar pathology in ‘familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy’

2007 • 60 citations

Neurophysiological investigations in patients with primary writing tremor

2002 • 53 citations

The prolonged cortical silent period in patients with Huntington's disease

2001 • 52 citations

Postexcitatory inhibition after transcranial magnetic single and double brain stimulation in Huntington's disease

1996 • 50 citations

Effects of botulinum toxin on motor system excitability in patients with writer’s cramp

2003 • 48 citations

Altered dorsal premotor–motor interhemispheric pathway activity in focal arm dystonia

2008 • 47 citations

Impaired modulation of corticospinal excitability following subthreshold rTMS in focal hand dystonia

2004 • 44 citations

Transcranial magnetic double stimulation: influence of the intensity of the conditioning stimulus

1997 • 42 citations

Spinal and cortical inhibition in huntington's chorea

2000 • 40 citations

Enhanced intracortical inhibition in cerebellar patients

2003 • 40 citations

Cortical excitability in patients with essential tremor

1998 • 35 citations

Motor Responses to Afferent Stimulation in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

2003 • 35 citations

Intracortical inhibition of the motor cortex in movement disorders

2000 • 34 citations

Intracortical inhibition of the motor cortex is normal in chorea

1999 • 34 citations

Myoclonus and transcranial magnetic stimulation

2006 • 34 citations

Excitability changes in human peripheral nerve axons in a paradigm mimicking paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation

2002 • 34 citations

Abnormalities of motor cortical excitability are not correlated with clinical features in atypical parkinsonism

2000 • 33 citations

The effect of cutaneous input on intracortical inhibition in focal task‐specific dystonia

2007 • 32 citations

Abnormal intracortical facilitation in early-stage Huntington’s disease

2007 • 31 citations

Changes of cortical excitability of human motor cortex in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

2002 • 29 citations

Motor system inhibition in dopa-responsive dystonia and its modulation by treatment

2006 • 28 citations

Lack of inhibitory interaction between somatosensory afferent inputs and intracortical inhibitory interneurons in focal hand dystonia

2006 • 20 citations

Restoring balance in focal limb dystonia with botulinum toxin

2007 • 10 citations