IMPLICATIONS OF COGNITIVE THEORY FOR INSTRUCTION IN PROBLEM SOLVING

The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.

1994 • 16,641 citations

The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.

1956 • 16,233 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.

1977 • 7,025 citations

Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes

1968 • 6,466 citations

Individual differences in working memory and reading

1980 • 6,193 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.

1977 • 5,510 citations

Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices*

1981 • 5,132 citations

The Nature of Human Intelligence

1968 • 4,576 citations

Perception in chess

1973 • 4,216 citations

Verbal reports as data.

1980 • 4,213 citations

The nature of human intelligence

1967 • 3,990 citations

Acquisition of cognitive skill.

1982 • 3,442 citations

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

1985 • 3,110 citations

Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding: An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures

1979 • 3,073 citations

Creativity.

1950 • 2,969 citations

Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition

2013 • 2,909 citations

Schema induction and analogical transfer

1983 • 2,853 citations

A study of thinking

1956 • 2,766 citations

How to Solve It

1945 • 2,733 citations

Advances in Instructional Psychology

2019 • 2,540 citations

The structure of ill structured problems

1973 • 2,479 citations

Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment.

1963 • 2,379 citations

The art of thought

1926 • 2,049 citations

On problem-solving

1945 • 1,973 citations

Abilities: Their Structure, Growth, and Action

1974 • 1,947 citations

Thought and Choice in Chess

1978 • 1,898 citations

On problem-solving.

1945 • 1,619 citations

Advances in the psychology of human intelligence

1983 • 1,583 citations

Guiding creative talent.

1962 • 1,577 citations

Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning

1978 • 1,541 citations

Aptitudes and Instructional Methods: A Handbook for Research on Interactions

1978 • 1,491 citations

Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge

1978 • 1,450 citations

Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice

1993 • 1,387 citations

Medical Problem Solving

1978 • 1,291 citations

Thought and Choice in Chess

1966 • 1,284 citations

Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science

1975 • 1,196 citations

A Structure for Plans and Behavior

1977 • 1,180 citations

Diagnostic Models for Procedural Bugs in Basic Mathematical Skills*

1978 • 1,131 citations

Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung.

1942 • 1,105 citations

Intelligent tutoring systems

1983 • 1,077 citations

Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art

1953 • 1,071 citations

Cognition, social behavior, and the environment

1981 • 1,013 citations

Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art

1953 • 972 citations

The nature and nurture of creative talent.

1962 • 969 citations

How Big Is a Chunk?

1974 • 916 citations

Subjective organization in free recall of "unrelated" words.

1962 • 876 citations

Skill in Chess

1988 • 790 citations

Modes of thinking in young children: A study of the creativity-intelligence distinction.

1965 • 743 citations

PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

1939 • 732 citations

Academic Work

1983 • 698 citations

Creative person and creative process

1969 • 689 citations

Lateral thinking: Creativity Step by Step

1970 • 669 citations

Individual differences in integrating information between and within sentences.

1983 • 627 citations

An Essay on the Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field

1945 • 625 citations

Cognition and Instruction

2000 • 625 citations

Memory Organization and Structure

1981 • 602 citations

Judgment of contingency between responses and outcomes.

1965 • 578 citations

Aptitude, Learning, and Instruction

2021 • 545 citations

Human problem solving: The state of the theory in 1970.

1971 • 538 citations

Cognitive Psychology and Instruction

1978 • 525 citations

Confirmation Bias in a Simulated Research Environment: An Experimental Study of Scientific Inference

1977 • 518 citations

The real test bias: Influences of testing on teaching and learning.

1984 • 517 citations

An investigation of computer coaching for informal learning activities

1979 • 504 citations

Experimental Psychology

1939 • 500 citations

Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings

1979 • 489 citations

The Making of a Scientist

1953 • 488 citations

Knowledge and Cognition

1975 • 483 citations

Personality and the realization of creative potential.

1965 • 469 citations

What does it mean to be high verbal?

1975 • 453 citations

Contributions to mathematical psychology

1964 • 443 citations

Morphological Astronomy

1957 • 423 citations

Problem Solving and Education: Issues in Teaching and Research

1980 • 389 citations

THE CONCEPT OF CORRELATION IN ADULTS

1963 • 370 citations

Problem solving and education.

1980 • 367 citations

Information-Processing Theory of Human Problem Solving

2014 • 353 citations

Physicians' use of probabilistic information in a real clinical setting.

1981 • 345 citations

Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence

2014 • 331 citations

Individuality in Learning

1978 • 325 citations

Reasoning in humans. I. On direction.

1930 • 323 citations

Discourse Comprehension and Sources of Individual Differences.

1977 • 317 citations

Instrumental Enrichment

1988 • 313 citations

How and How Much Can Intelligence Be Increased

1982 • 309 citations

Creative behavior guidebook

1967 • 292 citations

Skilled perception in Go: Deducing memory structures from inter-response times

1976 • 286 citations

Individual differences in the verification of sentence—picture relationships

1978 • 285 citations

A psychological study of eminent psychologists and anthropologists, and a comparison with biological and physical scientists.

1953 • 277 citations

Components of a Psychology of Instruction: Toward a Science of Design

1976 • 274 citations

Individual Differences in Cognition: A New Approach to Intelligence

1973 • 272 citations

Methods for examining representations of A subject‐matter structure in a student's memory

1974 • 261 citations

Human Intelligence: Perspectives on Its Theory and Measurement

1979 • 259 citations

Prediction of Organizational Behavior

1974 • 259 citations

A CHECK ON THE THEORY OF FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SUBTEST DESIGNS

1978 • 247 citations

Knowledge Compilation: Mechanisms for the Automatization of Cognitive Skills.

1980 • 245 citations

Complexity-simplicity as a personality dimension.

1953 • 242 citations

Scientists in Organizations: Productive Climates for Research and Development

1967 • 232 citations

Physicians' use of probabilistic information in a real clinical setting.

1981 • 227 citations

Knowledge structure and problem solving in physics

1982 • 225 citations

On the training of originality.

1960 • 197 citations

Cognitive psychology's ambiguities: Some suggested remedies.

1982 • 190 citations

Concurrent automatic and controlled visual search: Can processing occur without resource cost?

1982 • 189 citations

The Gifted and the Creative: A Fifty-Year Perspective

1979 • 188 citations

An aptitude × strategy interaction in linear syllogistic reasoning.

1980 • 187 citations

Problem Solving in Semantically Rich Domains: An Example from Engineering Thermodynamics*

1977 • 183 citations

Creativity : its educational implications

1967 • 180 citations

Pseudodiagnosticity

1979 • 179 citations

Patterns of Problem Solving

1975 • 177 citations

Scientists in Organizations: Productive Climates for Research and Development.

1967 • 174 citations

Cognitive correlates and components in the analysis of individual differences

1979 • 171 citations

Effects of goal specificity on means–ends analysis and learning.

1982 • 161 citations

Understanding anaphora: Rules used by readers in assigning pronominal referents∗

1981 • 158 citations

Applied Creativity: The Creative Studies Project

1972 • 142 citations

Creativity: Retrospect and Prospect*

1970 • 129 citations

Mapping cognitive structure: A comparison of methods.

1976 • 107 citations

Internalization of filmic schematic operations in interaction with learners' aptitudes.

1974 • 106 citations

Instrumental Enrichment: Theoretical Basis, Goals, and Instruments

1980 • 94 citations

Measures for the Study of Creativity in Scientific Problem-Solving

1978 • 93 citations

Cognitive Skill: Implications for Spatial Skill in Large-Scale Environments.

1979 • 92 citations

Creative thought in poets

1935 • 87 citations

Literacy: Trends and Explanations

1983 • 82 citations

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF FREE‐RESPONSE AND MACHINE‐SCORABLE FORMS OF A TEST

1980 • 81 citations

A System for Perception and Memory

1970 • 80 citations

Theory and method for research on aptitude processes

1976 • 77 citations

Indefinite goals in well-structured problems.

1976 • 76 citations

Cognitive modifiability in retarded adolescents: effects of instrumental enrichment.

1979 • 75 citations

Testing through relationship judgments.

1983 • 74 citations

ARTISTS AND THEIR WORK

1946 • 73 citations

Concepts, propositions, and schemata: What are the cognitive units?

1980 • 73 citations

Children's solution processes in elementary arithmetic problems: Analysis and improvement.

1981 • 71 citations

Acquiring cognitive structure by discovery and rule learning.

1973 • 67 citations

Experimental studies in the training of originality.

1960 • 65 citations

Medical diagnosis: An information-processing approach

1972 • 64 citations

A Componential Theory of Reading Skills and Their Interactions.

1981 • 56 citations

Longitudinal tracking of difficult memory retrievals

1982 • 55 citations

Artificial Intelligence and Learning Strategies11This research was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, and Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, under contract number MDA903-76-C-0108 and by the Personnel and Training Research Programs, Psychological Sciences Division, Office of Naval Research, and Advanced Research Projects Agency, under contract number N00014-76-C-…

1978 • 54 citations

Information Processing and Memory

1970 • 54 citations

Development of formal hypothesis-testing ability.

1979 • 53 citations

The Psychology of the Inventor. A Study of the Patentee

1932 • 48 citations

Contacts of cognitive psychology with social learning theory

1978 • 47 citations

Scientific Thought

1938 • 47 citations

Evaluating the Teaching of Intelligence1

1972 • 47 citations

Applied Creativity: The Creative Studies Project

1972 • 43 citations

Reasoning as an Associative Process: II. “Direction” in Problem Solving as a Function of Prior Reinforcement of Relevant Responses

1956 • 40 citations

Discovery, invention, research.

1969 • 40 citations

The five day course in thinking

1968 • 37 citations

Analysis and teaching of a general skill for studying scientific text.

1976 • 35 citations

Cognitive dimensions of numerical rule induction.

1982 • 34 citations

Cognitive dimensions of numerical rule induction.

1982 • 33 citations

Social inference as a function of the number of instances and consistency of information presented.

1973 • 33 citations

Developing a Computational Representation for Problem Solving Skills

1978 • 33 citations

Effect of the Number of Pre-Utilization Functions on Functional Fixedness in Problem Solving

1958 • 31 citations

Effects of models of creative performance on ability to formulate hypotheses.

1974 • 31 citations

Guiding Creative Action

1977 • 28 citations

The facilitation of problem solving by prior exposure to uncommon responses.

1958 • 28 citations

The learning and transfer of double-classification skills: A replication and extension

1971 • 28 citations

Anxiety and learning to formulate hypotheses.

1969 • 27 citations

Cognitive factors in the recognition of ambiguous auditory and visual stimuli.

1967 • 27 citations

The Development of Mathematical Thinking

2009 • 25 citations

Further factorial studies of tests of rigidity.

1952 • 25 citations

Learning to solve insight problems

1981 • 25 citations

Analysis and teaching of a general skill for studying scientific text.

1976 • 23 citations

Psychological reality of physical concepts

1970 • 22 citations

Clinical experience and the structure of memory.

1979 • 21 citations

The Assessment and Modification of Concept Interrelationships

1983 • 20 citations

Intelligence : perspectives 1965

1966 • 19 citations

Trends and Research Questions in Psychological Research on Learning and Schooling

1979 • 19 citations

The future of IQ testing in education

1979 • 18 citations

Componential Approaches to the Training of Intelligent Performance.

1980 • 18 citations

Cognitive and Affective Components of Creativity in Mathematics and the Physical Sciences

1976 • 18 citations

Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures

1978 • 17 citations

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SELECTION AND EVALUATION IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION

1981 • 16 citations

Some Information-Processing Correlates Of Measures Of Intelligence

1978 • 15 citations

THE GENIUS OF KURT LEWIN*

1947 • 14 citations

The effect of instructions to organize for good and poor learners

1983 • 12 citations

Ten Ways of Helping Young Children Gifted in Creative Writing and Speech

1962 • 11 citations

Trends and Research Questions in

1979 • 11 citations

Procedural networks and production systems in adaptive diagnosis

1980 • 10 citations

Freedom and Play: Catalysts for Creativity

1972 • 9 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations