The combination of a primary appetitional need with primary and secondary emotionally derived needs.

Principles of Behavior

1944 • 4,124 citations

The conceptual representation and the measurement of psychological forces.

1938 • 965 citations

A stimulus-response analysis of anxiety and its role as a reinforcing agent.

1939 • 686 citations

Studies of fear as an acquirable drive: I. Fear as motivation and fear-reduction as reinforcement in the learning of new responses.

1948 • 520 citations

Behavior potentiality as a joint function of the amount of training and the degree of hunger at the time of extinction.

1942 • 177 citations

Anxiety-reduction and learning.

1940 • 148 citations

Resistance to extinction as a function of the number of reinforcements.

1938 • 142 citations

Response fixation under anxiety and non-anxiety conditions.

1948 • 95 citations

Experimentally acquired drives.

1948 • 70 citations

Drive interaction: I. Learning as a function of the simultaneous presence of the hunger and thirst drives.

1945 • 56 citations

Alien drive, habit strength, and resistance to extinction.

1946 • 19 citations