The Bias Due to Incomplete Matching

The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

1983 • 26,882 citations

Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.

1974 • 8,622 citations

Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score

1985 • 4,508 citations

Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of Randomization

1978 • 2,427 citations

The Analysis of Binary Data.

1971 • 2,339 citations

Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate

1977 • 1,160 citations

Assessing Sensitivity to an Unobserved Binary Covariate in an Observational Study with Binary Outcome

1983 • 1,036 citations

Controlling Bias in Observational Studies: A Review

2006 • 958 citations

The Effectiveness of Adjustment by Subclassification in Removing Bias in Observational Studies

1968 • 829 citations

The Consquences of Adjustment for a Concomitant Variable That Has Been Affected by the Treatment

1984 • 798 citations

Using Multivariate Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Control Bias in Observational Studies

1979 • 722 citations

Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies

2006 • 634 citations

Bias Reduction Using Mahalanobis-Metric Matching

1980 • 517 citations

The Use of Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Remove Bias in Observational Studies

2006 • 439 citations

From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The Role of Tests of Strongly Ignorable Treatment Assignment

1984 • 271 citations

Statistical Methods for Comparative Studies.

1981 • 261 citations

THE PLANNING OF EXPERIMENTS

1968 • 173 citations

Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents

1982 • 172 citations

Conditional Permutation Tests and the Propensity Score in Observational Studies

1984 • 153 citations

Babies: Human development during the first year.

1975 • 114 citations

Prognostic importance of anginal symptoms in angiographically defined coronary artery disease

1981 • 110 citations

Matching in Analytical Studies

1953 • 107 citations

The Computerized Construction of a Matched Sample

1970 • 78 citations

Pair-Matching -- A Reappraisal of a Popular Technique

1977 • 75 citations

The efficiency of matched samples: an empirical investigation.

1965 • 68 citations

Matching when covariables are normally distributed

1977 • 53 citations

The Effect of Bias on Estimators of Relative Risk for Pair-Matched and Stratified Samples

1975 • 37 citations

Caliper pair-matching on a continuous variable in case-control studies

1983 • 28 citations

Category-Matching of Continuous Variables in Case-Control Studies

1981 • 8 citations