The determinants of exploration and neophobia

The organization of behavior

1988 • 8,668 citations

The organization of behavior.

1950 • 6,879 citations

Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.

1968 • 6,194 citations

Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

1962 • 5,942 citations

Conflict, arousal, and curiosity.

1960 • 5,766 citations

The open-field test: A critical review.

1976 • 2,204 citations

Attachment, Exploration, and Separation: Illustrated by the Behavior of One-Year-Olds in a Strange Situation

1970 • 1,595 citations

Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: A review

1973 • 1,561 citations

Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning.

1971 • 1,163 citations

Functions of Varied Experience

1963 • 1,106 citations

Affectional Response in the Infant Monkey

1959 • 914 citations

The relation between fear induced by novel stimulation and exploratory drive.

1955 • 900 citations

Latent inhibition.

1973 • 774 citations

The limbic system

1974 • 751 citations

Innate and conditioned reactions to threat in rats with amygdaloid lesions.

1972 • 739 citations

Learning Mechanisms in Food Selection

1978 • 700 citations

Validity of head-dipping as a measure of exploration in a modified hole-board

1975 • 661 citations

On the nature of fear.

1946 • 481 citations

Spontaneous alternation behavior.

1958 • 471 citations

Reinforcement and Behavior

1969 • 469 citations

Learning mechanisms in food selection

1977 • 451 citations

Two independent behavioral dimensions in open-field performance.

1967 • 431 citations

Rodent sex differences in emotional and related behavior

1975 • 390 citations

Association of Illness with Prior Ingestion of Novel Foods

1967 • 373 citations

EXPERIMENTS ON ‘NEOPHOBIA’ IN WILD AND LABORATORY RATS

1958 • 364 citations

BEHAVIORAL CHANGES FOLLOWING RHINENCEPHALIC INJURY IN CAT

1953 • 359 citations

Alternation and exploration in rats with hippocampal lesions.

1962 • 355 citations

Curiosity and exploratory behavior

2003 • 344 citations

An Analysis of Certain Effects of Bilateral Temporal Lobectomy in the Rhesus Monkey, with Special Reference to “Psychic Blindness”

1938 • 315 citations

The Rat: A Study in Behavior.

1977 • 297 citations

Effects of basolateral amygdala lesions on neophobia, learned taste aversions, and sodium appetite in rats.

1974 • 293 citations

Functions of the amygdala.

1964 • 283 citations

Hippocampal lesions and activity

1964 • 271 citations

The dynamics of behavior development: An epigenetic view

1968 • 253 citations

Social factors in the poison avoidance and feeding behavior of wild and domesticated rat pups.

1971 • 243 citations

Stimulus satiation: an explanation of spontaneous alternation and related phenomena.

1953 • 243 citations

The dynamics of behavior development : an epigenetic view

1967 • 233 citations

The arousal and satiation of perceptual curiosity in the rat.

1955 • 230 citations

The Origin of Personality

1970 • 219 citations

Septum and behavior: A review.

1972 • 214 citations

Increased preference for ethanol in rats following alcohol deprivation

1967 • 213 citations

Development of an Alcohol-Deprivation Effect in Rats

1968 • 201 citations

Behavioral effects of selective midbrain raphe lesions in the rat

1975 • 201 citations

Aggression and timidity: Responses to novelty in feral Norway rats.

1970 • 186 citations

Behaviour of male and female rats with free choice of two environments differing in novelty

1968 • 174 citations

Activity, Exploration, Curiosity and Fear: An Ethological Study

1976 • 167 citations

“Free” versus “Forced” Exploration of a Novel Situation by Rats

1957 • 165 citations

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOUR AND FEAR: A REVIEW

1973 • 163 citations

Diazepam-induced eating and lever pressing for food in sated rats.

1974 • 158 citations

Bait shyness, a study in rat behaviour

1953 • 153 citations

Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat.

1973 • 149 citations

Experiments on neophobia in wild and laboratory rats: A reevaluation.

1976 • 148 citations

A simple and specific screen for benzodiazepine-like drugs

1971 • 145 citations

The effects of hippocampectomy on alternation behavior and response to novelty

1971 • 141 citations

The Infant Separates Himself from His Mother

1970 • 133 citations

Escape, exploratory, and food-seeking responses of rats in a novel situation.

1959 • 127 citations

A dissociation of the effects of d-amphetamine on locomotor activity and exploration in rats

1973 • 120 citations

Behavioral effects of lesions of the medial septum of rats.

1969 • 119 citations

Poison-induced neophobia in rats: Role of stimulus generalization of conditioned taste aversions

1975 • 119 citations

Establishment of pheromonal bonds and diet choice in young rats by odor pre-exposure☆

1977 • 117 citations

Food Imprinting in the Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina

1966 • 117 citations

Neophobia and neophilia: New-object and new-place reactions of three Rattus species.

1977 • 116 citations

Behaviour Components in the Feeding of Wild and Laboratory Rats

1956 • 116 citations

Exploratory behavior of rhesus monkeys as a function of rearing experiences and sex.

1972 • 115 citations

Specific aversions and neophobia resulting from vitamin deficiency or poisoning in half-wild and domestic rats.

1968 • 113 citations

Dissociation of odor and taste in baitshyness

1973 • 113 citations

A new factor affecting the consumption of ethyl alcohol and other sapid fluids

1972 • 113 citations

Exploratory behavior and its relation to spontaneous alternation in a series of maze exposures.

1952 • 111 citations

Role of residual olfactory cues in the determination of feeding site selection and exploration patterns of domestic rats.

1976 • 110 citations

Determinants of the enhancement of flavored-water intake by prior exposure.

1976 • 110 citations

Some determinants of play and exploration in chimpanzees.

1956 • 110 citations

Alterations in ingestive behaviors after bilateral lesions of the amygdala in the rat☆

1975 • 108 citations

Acceptance of novel flavours is increased after early experience of diverse tastes

1975 • 108 citations

Demonstrations of neophobia and enhanced neophobia in the albino rat.

1975 • 107 citations

On animal aggression: The roles of strangeness and familiarity.

1976 • 104 citations

On animal aggression: The roles of strangeness and familiarity.

1976 • 102 citations

Novelty, arousal, and the reinforcement of diversive exploration in the rat.

1966 • 102 citations

Defensive reactions and exploratory behavior in rats.

1974 • 101 citations

"Infantile stimulation" in rodents: A consideration of possible mechanisms.

1971 • 100 citations

The fear of novelty.

1968 • 99 citations

The effects of isolation rearing on exploration in the rat

1977 • 99 citations

The Effects of Isolation Rearing on Behavioural Inhibition in the Rat

1975 • 96 citations

The relation between exploratory behavior and spontaneous alternation in the white rat.

1951 • 95 citations

The effect of deprivation of visual incentives on visual exploration motivation in monkeys.

1957 • 95 citations

Methodological factors in mere exposure research.

1974 • 94 citations

Competition Between Feeding and Investigation in the Rat

1955 • 92 citations

Curiosity and Exploratory Behavior

1998 • 91 citations

Some effects of hippocampal lesions on the behavior of mongolian gerbils

1970 • 89 citations

Ontogenetic aspects of central cholinergic involvement in spontaneous alternation behavior

1973 • 88 citations

Role of novelty in the aversion for increasingly concentrated saccharin solutions

1976 • 87 citations

Open-field activity and exploration in rats with septal and amygdaloid lesions

1967 • 87 citations

A quantitative demonstration of animal drive.

1925 • 86 citations

Mothers and blankets as agents for promoting play and exploration by young children in a novel environment: The effects of social and nonsocial attachment objects.

1975 • 82 citations

Effects of neophobia and habituation on the poison-induced avoidance of exteroceptive stimuli in the rat.

1975 • 81 citations

Conditioned taste aversions and neophobia in rats with hippocampal lesions.

1976 • 81 citations

Differential effects of handling on exploration in male and female rats

1978 • 78 citations

Effects of periodic withdrawal on ethanol and saccharin selection in rats

1976 • 74 citations

Novelty, familiarity, and the development of infant attention.

1971 • 74 citations

Selective suppression of drinking during a limited period following aversive drug treatment in rats.

1977 • 73 citations

Chlordiazepoxide modified exploration in rats

1972 • 73 citations

Domestication.

1973 • 72 citations

Learned taste aversions over long delays in rats: The role of learned safety.

1974 • 70 citations

Effects of time of day and food deprivation on exploratory activity in the rat

1972 • 70 citations

Presurgical rearing environment alters exploration, fluid consumption, and learning of septal lesioned and control rats

1973 • 70 citations

Differential effects of one- vs two-stage amygdaloid lesions on activity, exploratory, and avoidance behavior in the albino rat

1973 • 70 citations

Preference for familiar versus novel stimuli as a function of the familiarity of the environment.

1969 • 69 citations

Techniques for the Study of the Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

1946 • 69 citations

Effects of caffeine, methamphetamine and methylphenidate on reactions to novelty and activity in rats

1976 • 68 citations

Open-field exploration as a function of age.

1961 • 67 citations

Behavioral and Physiological Changes Associated with Various Durations of Alcohol Deprivation in Rats

1973 • 65 citations

Early handling effects on neophobia and conditioned taste aversion

1978 • 63 citations

Gustatory memory: Incubation and interference

1975 • 62 citations

PEN‐FIELD BEHAVIOUR IN RATS: EFFECTS OF HANDLING, SEX AND REPEATED TESTING

1972 • 59 citations

Effects of age and experience on play and exploration of young chimpanzees.

1956 • 58 citations

Enhancing the expression of flavor neophobia: Some effects of the ingestion-illness contingency.

1977 • 57 citations

Relations between the behavioral syndrome produced by lesions in the septal region of the forebrain and maze learning of the rat.

1959 • 56 citations

The Alcohol-Deprivation Effect; Influence of Various Factors

1972 • 54 citations

Effects of duration of sensory input and intertrial interval on spontaneous alternation in rats with hippocampal lesions

1973 • 54 citations

Facilitation of exploration by hunger in rats.

1958 • 53 citations

The infant's reaction to strangers

1974 • 52 citations

The role of social isolation and sex in determining effects of chlordiazepoxide and methylphenidate on exploratory behaviour

1972 • 50 citations

The effects of hunger and familiarity of locale on exploration.

1956 • 50 citations

Effects of hippocampal lesions in rats on three measures of activity.

1970 • 49 citations

Activity, Reactivity, and the Behavior-Directing Properties of Stimuli

1969 • 49 citations

Self-maintained sensory input and sensory deprivation in monkeys: A behavioral and neuropharmacological study.

1962 • 48 citations

Choice behavior of rats searching for food

1977 • 47 citations

Illness-induced taste aversion under states of deprivation and satiation

1974 • 44 citations

Analysis of nonreinforcement variables affecting response probability.

1962 • 43 citations

Extinction of fear II: Effects of chlordiazepoxide and chlorpromazine on fear and exploratory behaviour in rats

1971 • 43 citations

Daily patterns of visual exploratory behavior in the monkey.

1955 • 43 citations

Spontaneous alternation after free and forced trials.

1959 • 43 citations

The Social Behaviour of Laboratory Rats and the Action of Chlorpromazine and Other Drugs

1966 • 43 citations

Exploration, distraction, and habituation in rats reared in isolation

1978 • 42 citations

Random activity of the rat during food deprivation as a function of environmental conditions.

1960 • 42 citations

Response to stimulus novelty and complexity as a function of rats' early rearing experiences.

1967 • 42 citations

Explanation of rewards that do not reduce tissue needs.

1972 • 42 citations

ACTH and ACTH4–20 modification of neophobia and taste aversion responses in the rat.

1978 • 39 citations

Differential rearing and free versus forced exploration

1966 • 39 citations

Exploration in the hippocampal-ablated albino rat.

1970 • 39 citations

Some aspects of behavior toward novelty in young chimpanzees.

1961 • 39 citations

Enhancement and deprivation of visual stimulation during rearing as factors in visual discrimination learning.

1959 • 39 citations

Effects of thirst level during consumption of flavored water on subsequent preference.

1968 • 38 citations

Laboratorizing the wild rat (Rattus norvégiens)

1971 • 38 citations

The new object reaction of Rattus rattus L.: the relative importance of various cues

1976 • 37 citations

A comparison of the effects of ethanol and chlordiazepoxide on exploration and on its habituation

1976 • 37 citations

Exposure to the odor of food determines the eating preferences of rat pups

1976 • 37 citations

Extinction of fear I: Effects of amylobarbitone and dexamphetamine given separately and in combination on fear and exploratory behaviour in rats

1971 • 37 citations

When familiarity breeds contempt, absence makes the heart grow fonder: Effects of exposure and delay on taste pleasantness ratings

1975 • 36 citations

Sex differences in rats’ stationary exploration as a function of stimulus and environmental novelty

1977 • 36 citations

The aetiology of food reward in monkeys

1963 • 35 citations

Emotion and organized behaviour: Experimental data bearing on the Leeper-Young controversy.

1958 • 35 citations

Social-seeking and novelty-seeking behavior as a function of differential rearing histories.

1964 • 34 citations

Effects of methylphenidate on activity and reactions to novelty in rats

1970 • 33 citations

Conditioned food aversion produced by toxicosis in atlantic cod

1974 • 33 citations

Locomotor activity and exploration: The use of traditional manipulators to dissociate these two behaviors in the rat

1976 • 33 citations

Aversive stimulation and rats’ preference for familiarity

1972 • 32 citations

Paradoxical Effects of Amphetamine on Preweanling and Postweanling Rats

1977 • 31 citations

Alterations in palatability of nutrients for the rat as a result of prior tasting.

1974 • 31 citations

Hunger drive and reinforcing effect of novel stimuli.

1957 • 31 citations

Effects of stimulus novelty on gnawing and eating by rats.

1962 • 30 citations

Chlordiazepoxide and isolation induced timidity in rats

1975 • 30 citations

The effects of caffeine, alcohol, and previous exposure to the test situation on spontaneous alternation

1970 • 29 citations

EFFECTS OF AROUSING STIMULATION UPON NOVELTY PREFERENCE IN RATS

1967 • 29 citations

Enhancement of the consumption of acclimated sapid solutions following periodic and prolonged withdrawal

1972 • 28 citations

Lateral Hypothalamus: Reevaluation of Function in Motivated Feeding Behavior

1971 • 28 citations

Chlordiazepoxide and preference for free food in rats

1975 • 28 citations

Early olfactory enrichment enhances later consumption of novel substances

1977 • 27 citations

Readiness to eat: Effects of age, sex, and weight loss.

1965 • 27 citations

Positive reinforcement by light: Comments on Lockard's article.

1964 • 26 citations

The development of manipulatory responsiveness in the infant rhesus monkey.

1959 • 26 citations

Effects of food deprivation on exploration in deprivationally naive rats

1970 • 25 citations

Effects of amygdaloid lesions on exploration by rats☆

1976 • 25 citations

Food and water deprivation as influences on exploration.

1962 • 25 citations

Temporal properties of gustatory spontaneous alternation in rats.

1973 • 24 citations

THE EFFECT OF REARING ENVIRONMENTS ON THE CONTRAFREELOADING PHENOMENON IN RATS¹

1976 • 23 citations

Familiarization with the Test Apparatus as a Factor in the Reinforcing Effect of Change in Illumination

1963 • 22 citations

The Effect of Electric Shock on Rats' Choice between Familiar and Unfamiliar Maze Arms: A Replication

1968 • 22 citations

Effects of d-amphetamine sulphate on three exploratory behaviors.

1965 • 21 citations

Sex Differences in Rats' Response to Novelty Measured by Activity and Preference

1975 • 21 citations

Effects of reinforcement shifts upon subsequent saccharin consumption

1969 • 21 citations

An examination of the effects of some central and autonomic nervous system stimulant and depressant drugs on one form of exploratory activity in rats

1967 • 20 citations

Presurgical dietary history and the behavior of control and septal lesioned rats

1975 • 20 citations

ELECTRIC SHOCK AND RATS' PREFERENCE FOR THE FAMILIAR ARM OF A MAZE

1970 • 19 citations

Differences in home-cage-emergence in the rat in relation to infantile handling1

1970 • 19 citations

Historical effects of stimulus exposure: Readiness to eat and object exploration

1970 • 18 citations

The reward value of light increment under supranormal and subnormal arousal.

1969 • 17 citations

Adrenalin, Stimulation, and Preference for Familiar Stimuli.

1968 • 17 citations

The "emotion" of disgust in dogs.

1932 • 16 citations

Effects of Different Intensities of Postweaning Shock and Handling on the Albino Rat

1965 • 16 citations

Alternation behavior and learning: The influence of reinforcement magnitude, number, and contingency.

1959 • 16 citations

Effects of epinephrine upon novelty preference and arousal.

1963 • 16 citations

Novelty induced changes in spontaneous alternation by infant and adult rats

1973 • 16 citations

Relative intake of saccharin drinking schedule

1969 • 15 citations

Effects of neophobia sensitization on the rat's preference for earned food

1975 • 14 citations

Potentiation of the effects of chlorpromazine on exploration in the rat by a prior experience of the drug

1973 • 14 citations

Suppression of neophobia by chlorpromazine in wild rats

1977 • 14 citations

Saccharine and H2O consumption as a function of H2O deprivation

1967 • 13 citations

Readiness to eat and drink: Effect of stimulus conditions.

1965 • 12 citations

Reactions to Novelty following Differential Postweaning Rearing and Handling

1971 • 12 citations

Drug effects on mouse exploratory behavior

1969 • 12 citations

Variation of early social experience and environmental preference in rats.

1977 • 11 citations

Effect of trials on "emotionality" behavior of the rat and mouse.

1973 • 11 citations

Learning as a function of change of sensory stimulation: Distributed vs. massed trials.

1961 • 11 citations

Effects of hunger and thirst on reinforcing properties of light onset and light offset.

1968 • 11 citations

Neophobia in wild and laboratory mice

1968 • 10 citations

Novelty-Induced Self-Food Deprivation in Wild and Semi-Domestic Deermice (Peromyscus Maniculatus Bairdii)

1972 • 10 citations

The Effects of Food Deprivation on Unreinforced and Light-Reinforced Bar Pressing

1966 • 8 citations

Response decrement in visual exploratory behavior.

1959 • 8 citations

Effects of postweaning handling on locomotor and exploratory behavior in young rats.

1972 • 8 citations

Effects of Electric Shock on Exploratory Behaviour in the Rat

1972 • 7 citations

The effects of novelty on laboratory rat digging behavior

1972 • 6 citations

Effect of deprivation level on responses to novel alleys in albino rats

1968 • 6 citations

Light Reinforcement as a Function of Water Deprivation

1958 • 6 citations

Exploration of Complex Stimuli as Facilitated by Emotional Reactivity and Shock

1976 • 5 citations

The influence of early auditory experience on later auditory and tactual variation seeking in the rat

1976 • 5 citations

Some effects of short-term immediate prior exposure to light change on responding for light change

1974 • 4 citations