The effects of electrode material, charge density and stimulation duration on the safety of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in rats

The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

1982 • 53,055 citations

Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus or the Pars Interna of the Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease

2001 • 1,472 citations

Fluoro-Jade: a novel fluorochrome for the sensitive and reliable histochemical localization of neuronal degeneration

1997 • 994 citations

Charge density and charge per phase as cofactors in neural injury induced by electrical stimulation

1990 • 683 citations

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of iron homeostasis and toxicity in mammalian cells

2002 • 490 citations

A model of safe levels for electrical stimulation

1992 • 478 citations

Extracellular Stimulation of Central Neurons: Influence of Stimulus Waveform and Frequency on Neuronal Output

2002 • 369 citations

Brief, Noninjurious Electric Waveform for Stimulation of the Brain

1955 • 279 citations

DEEP-BRAIN STIMULATION OF THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS OR THE PARS INTERNA OF THE GLOBUS PALLIDUS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2001 • 270 citations

Determination of current density distributions generated by electrical stimulation of the human cerebral cortex

1993 • 256 citations

No tissue damage by chronic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

2000 • 253 citations

Electrophysiological and metabolic evidence that high‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus bridles neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra reticulata

2003 • 252 citations

CRITERIA FOR SELECTING ELECTRODES FOR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

1983 • 201 citations

The effect of stimulus pulse duration on selectivity of neural stimulation

1996 • 200 citations

Influence of the frequency parameter on extracellular glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid in substantia nigra and globus pallidus during electrical stimulation of subthalamic nucleus in rats

2003 • 170 citations

Histological Evaluation of Neural Damage from Electrical Stimulation

1981 • 161 citations

Finite Element Analysis of the Current-Density and Electric Field Generated by Metal Microelectrodes

2001 • 157 citations

Electrical stimulation of the brain. III. The neural damage model.

1975 • 146 citations

High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Selectively Reverses Dopamine Denervation-Induced Cellular Defects in the Output Structures of the Basal Ganglia in the Rat

2002 • 134 citations

Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic neurons increases striatal dopamine metabolism and induces contralateral circling in freely moving 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats

2002 • 130 citations

Electrical stimulation of the nervous system: The principle of safe charge injection with noble metal electrodes

1975 • 129 citations

High‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus enhances striatal dopamine release and metabolism in rats

2003 • 125 citations

Long-term thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Postmortem anatomoclinical study

1994 • 123 citations

Experimental Nondestructive Electrical Stimulation of the Brain and Spinal Cord

1970 • 109 citations

Vim Thalamic Stimulation for Tremor

2000 • 102 citations

Tissue reactions to long-term electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in monkeys

1977 • 99 citations

High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has beneficial antiparkinsonian effects on motor functions in rats, but less efficiency in a choice reaction time task

2003 • 99 citations

Relationship between stimulus amplitude, stimulus frequency and neural damage during electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve of cat

1995 • 94 citations

Morphologic changes after prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat's cortex at defined charge densities

1983 • 92 citations

Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia in Adults

2002 • 91 citations

Electrical stimulation of the brain. II. Effects on the blood-brain barrier.

1975 • 83 citations

High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves treadmill locomotion in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats

2003 • 71 citations

High‐frequency stimulation of both zona incerta and subthalamic nucleus induces a normalization of basal ganglia metabolic activity in experimental parkinsonism

2004 • 58 citations

The erosion of electrodes by small currents

1959 • 56 citations

An Evaluation of the Resistance to Electrolysis of Metals for Use in Biostimulation Microprobes

1974 • 56 citations

Are the stainless steel electrodes inert?

2000 • 43 citations

Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Brain

1977 • 42 citations

Experimental Performance of Steel and Platinum Electrodes with Chronic Monophasic Stimulation of the Brain

1969 • 37 citations

Biphasic stimulation and electrical properties of metal electrodes

1965 • 36 citations

Electrical stimulation of the brain. I. Electrodes and electrode arrays.

1975 • 24 citations

Stereological evaluation of substantia nigra cell number in normal and hemispherectomized monkeys

1999 • 23 citations

High frequency stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus has no effect on striatal dopaminergic transmission

2003 • 23 citations

Phagocytic and metabolic reactions to intracerebral electrical stimulation of rat brain

1984 • 20 citations

Electrical Characteristics of Chronically Implanted Platinum-Irdium Electrodes

1987 • 15 citations

Effects of low charge injection densities on corrosion responses of pulsed 316LVM stainless steel electrodes [functional neuromuscular stimulation]

1996 • 7 citations