Detection of Hindered Rotation and Inversion by NMR Spectroscopy

Specification of Molecular Chirality

1966 • 1,774 citations

High-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1960 • 1,643 citations

High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1960 • 1,553 citations

An Appraisal of Valence-bond Structures and Hybridization in Compounds of the First-row elements.

1961 • 1,467 citations

Study of Moderately Rapid Chemical Exchange Reactions by Means of Nuclear Magnetic Double Resonance

1963 • 1,199 citations

Rate Processes and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra. II. Hindered Internal Rotation of Amides

1956 • 1,140 citations

Stereochemistry of carbon compounds

1962 • 1,110 citations

Die Natur der chemischen Bindung

1997 • 914 citations

Spezifikation der molekularen Chiralität

1966 • 718 citations

Structure of Molecules and Internal Rotation

1955 • 334 citations

cis and trans Configurations of the Peptide Bond in N-Monosubstituted Amides by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1964 • 310 citations

Benzene Oxide‐Oxepin Valence Tautomerism

1967 • 309 citations

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods for Determining Chemical-Exchange Rates¹

1966 • 300 citations

A PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF HINDERED INTERNAL ROTATION IN SOME SUBSTITUTED N,N-DIMETHYLAMIDES¹

1962 • 277 citations

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Line-Shape and Double-Resonance Studies of Ring Inversion in Cyclohexane-d₁₁

1967 • 271 citations

Chemical Rate Processes and Magnetic Resonance

1965 • 265 citations

Exchange Rates by Nuclear Magnetic Multiple Resonance. III. Exchange Reactions in Systems with Several Nonequivalent Sites

1964 • 259 citations

Olefin Coordination Compounds of Rhodium: The Barrier to Rotation of Coordinated Ethylene and the Mechanism of Olefin Exchange

1964 • 241 citations

Spin—Echo NMR Studies of Chemical Exchange. I. Some General Aspects

1964 • 234 citations

Unambiguous specification of stereoisomerism about a double bond

1968 • 227 citations

Kinetics of the Thermal Cis-Trans Isomerization of Dideuteroethylene

1955 • 206 citations

Benzoloxid‐Oxepin‐Valenztautomerie

1967 • 206 citations

Uncatalyzed syn-anti Isomerization of Imines, Oxime Ethers, and Haloimines¹

1966 • 187 citations

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra. Nitrogen Inversion Rates of N-Substituted Aziridines (Ethylenimines)¹

1958 • 173 citations

Protonation of Amides¹

1960 • 173 citations

Inversion Barrier in Singly Bridged Biphenyls

1964 • 157 citations

Potential Energy Barrier Determinations for Some Alkyl Nitrites by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1959 • 157 citations

Restricted Rotation in Amides as Evidenced by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1955 • 149 citations

Configurations in Unsymmetrically N,N-Disubstituted Amides

1963 • 148 citations

The Structure of Diazoketones. A Study of Hindered Internal Rotation^1,2

1966 • 134 citations

A New Method for the Study of Moderately Rapid Chemical Exchange Rates Employing Nuclear Magnetic Double Resonance.

1963 • 133 citations

Structure of Molecules and Internal Rotation

1954 • 128 citations

Equivalence of nuclei in high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

1968 • 126 citations

Hindered internal rotation and dimerization of N,N-dimethylformamide in carbon tetrachloride

1969 • 125 citations

Barriers to internal rotation in thioamides. Experimental results and molecular orbital calculations

1967 • 100 citations

Tritium-Carbon Monoxide Reaction

1955 • 100 citations

Molekülstruktur

1967 • 96 citations

The conformers of a nitrosamine and a carboxamide: Comparison of NMR line shape and equilibration methods

1969 • 95 citations

NMR Determinations of Barriers to Internal Rotation in Halogen-Substituted Ethanes

1965 • 95 citations

Untersuchungen über Schiffsche Basen, VI. Protonenresonanz‐Untersuchungen zur syn‐anti‐Isomerisierung von Iminen

1967 • 94 citations

Protonenresonanz‐Untersuchungen zur Inversion am dreibindigen Stickstoffatom, I Der Diaziridin‐Ring als Asymmetriezentrum

1967 • 90 citations

Heterocyclic conformational analysis

1967 • 90 citations

Resonance-stabilized carbanions. II. Rotational barriers in phenylallyl alkali metal salts

1968 • 86 citations

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Rate Processes and Conformations. V. Synchronous Inversion at Two Nitrogens

1967 • 86 citations

Stable carbonium ions. LXIV. Protonated carbonic acid (trihydroxycarbonium ion) and protonated alkyl (aryl) carbonates and hydrogen carbonates, and their cleavage to protonated carbonic acid and carbonium ions. The possible role of protonated carbonic acid in biological carboxylation processes

1968 • 86 citations

Electrophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon. XXXI. Effects of Attached Second-Row Elements on the Rates of Nitrogen Inversion in Aziridines

1967 • 84 citations

The Study of Chemical Rate Processes in Liquids by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1963 • 83 citations

Aziridines. XI. Nitrogen inversion in N-haloaziridines

1968 • 83 citations

Recent Chemistry of Bullvalene

1967 • 80 citations

Restricted Rotation in Aromatic Aldehydes

1964 • 79 citations

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Magnetic Nonequivalence Due to Slow Inversion in Amines¹

1965 • 79 citations

Inversion barriers of pyramidal (XY3) and related planar (=XY) species

1967 • 78 citations

Comparison of kinetic results obtained by NMR line shape and equilibration methods

1967 • 76 citations

Hindered Rotation and Carbon-13-Hydrogen Coupling Constants in Amides, Thioamides, and Amidines¹

1965 • 73 citations

Solvent Effects on the Energy Barrier for Hindered Internal Rotation in Some N,N-Disubstituted Amides

1962 • 72 citations

Mikrowellenspektroskopische Bestimmung von Rotationsbarrieren freier Moleküle

2006 • 72 citations

Langsame Inversion am pyramidal gebundenen Stickstoff: Isolierung und Epimerisierung diastereomerer N‐Methoxy‐3,3‐di‐methoxycarbonyl‐5‐cyan‐1, 2‐oxazolidine. Vorläufige Mitteilung

1969 • 71 citations

An ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO study of the nitrogen inversion barriers in methylenimine, diimide and carbodiimide

1968 • 70 citations

Konformative beweglichkeit flexibler ringsysteme. Untersuchungen mit hilfe der protonenresonanz-spektroskopie—VI. Mitteilung: Eine erweiterung und verfeinerung des verfahrens zur bestimmung der aktivierungsenergie

1966 • 70 citations

The Spectral Properties of Alkoxymethyl Cations¹

1966 • 70 citations

A molecular orbital study of the isomerization mechanism of diazacumulenes

1968 • 69 citations

Nachweis innermolekularer Beweglichkeit durch NMR‐Spektroskopie, VI. Konformation und gehinderte Rotation in Disulfiden und Diseleniden

1968 • 68 citations

Nachweis innermolekularer Beweglichkeit durch NMR‐Spektrometrie, II.cis‐trans‐Isomerie bei Kern‐substituierten Acetaniliden

1967 • 67 citations

The Activation Energy to Hindered Internal Rotation in Some Thionamides

1964 • 66 citations

Hindered rotation in N,N-dimethylcarbamates

1967 • 65 citations

Nachweis innermolekularer beweglichkeit durch NMR-spektroskopie XVI

1969 • 64 citations

Chemical shift nonequivalence of diastereotopic protons due to restricted rotation around aryl-nitrogen bonds in substituted amides

1967 • 64 citations

Kinetics of cis-trans Isomerization of para-Substituted N-Benzylideneanilines

1965 • 64 citations

Conformational Barriers in Medium-Sized Rings. I. trans-Cyclodecene-1,2,4,4,9,9-d₆¹

1965 • 62 citations

Comparison of chemical exchange rates determined by nuclear magnetic resonance line-shape and equilibration methods. Internal rotation of N-methyl-N-benzylformamide

1967 • 62 citations

Studies of chemical exchange by nuclear magnetic resonance. III. Internal rotation in N,N-dimethylacetamide-d2 and a structure-reactivity correlation for the rotation reaction of amides

1968 • 62 citations

Nachweis innermolekularer Beweglichkeit durch NMR‐Spektroskopie, XVII. Lineare Hammett‐Korrelation von Aktivierungsbarrieren der Rotation um CC‐Dopple‐und‐Einfachbindungen und CN‐Einfachbindungen in Ketenaminalen

1970 • 61 citations

Rotational barrier in dithiocarbamate esters

1967 • 61 citations

Neues aus der Bullvalen‐Chemie

1967 • 61 citations

Some 9-aryl fluorenes. Ring-current effects on nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, carbonium ions, and the 9-mesitylfluorenyl radical

1968 • 58 citations

Restricted rotation around phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

1968 • 58 citations

Studies of chemical exchange by nuclear magnetic resonance. II. Hindered rotation in amides and thioamides

1967 • 57 citations

A nuclear magnetic resonance study of .sigma.-cyclopentadienyl(triethylphosphine)copper(I)

1967 • 57 citations

A qualitative picture of the barrier restricting rotation about single bonds

1966 • 56 citations

A. A. Frost und R. G. Pearson: Kinetik und Mechanismen homogener chemischer Reaktionen. Verlag Chemie, GmbH, Weinheim/Bergstr. 1964. VII, 388 Seiten mit 60 Abbildungen und 53 Tabellen. Preis: Ln. DM 39,—.

1964 • 55 citations

Analysis of the Effect of Chemical Exchange on a High-resolution N.m.r. Spin-Spin Doublet: Application to N-Methylacetamide^1,2

1960 • 55 citations

N-Thionitrosoamines

1966 • 55 citations

Thioformylierung von Aminen und Untersuchungen über die cis‐trans‐Isomerie an der Thioamidgruppe!

1963 • 55 citations

A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF POLAR MOLECULES IN AROMATIC SOLVENTS

1962 • 54 citations

NMR study of hindered rotation in 1-aryl-3,3-dimethyltriazenes

1968 • 53 citations

An NMR study of hindered internal rotation in N,N-dialkyl amides

1965 • 52 citations

Semiempirical Treatment of Hindered Rotation in Simple Hydrides and Halosubstituted Ethanelike Molecules

1966 • 52 citations

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Solvent Effects on the Hindered Internal Rotation of N,N-Disubstituted Amides. I. Dimethylformamide

1965 • 52 citations

Rates of Rotation of Asymmetric Diphenyls by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

1963 • 52 citations

Temperature Dependence of Fluorine Nuclear Spin—Spin Coupling Constants

1963 • 51 citations

Quantum mechanical calculations on barriers to internal rotation

1968 • 51 citations

The study of ring inversions by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

1965 • 49 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance and rotational isomerism in substituted ethanes

1958 • 48 citations

NMR evidence for cis- trans isomerism in N-methylacetamide

1967 • 48 citations

Spin-Echo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Chemical Exchange. VI. Rearrangment of Bullvalene and of Its Silver Nitrate Complex¹

1965 • 47 citations

NMR-studien an chinonanilen

1967 • 47 citations

Magnetic resonance studies of triphenylcarbonium ions. I. Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of conformational equilibria and interconversion

1968 • 47 citations

Protonenresonanz-Untersuchungen zursyn-anti-Isomerie bei Imino-kohlensäureestern und Imino-thiokohlensäureestern

1967 • 46 citations

Restricted rotation about the N-N single bond Linear correlation of rate with substituent

1968 • 46 citations

Stabile rotationsisomere Carbonsäureamide

1968 • 45 citations

Das ausmass sterischer hinderung in substituierten triarylmethanen und triarylmethyl-radikalen

1969 • 43 citations

Nitrogen Inversion without Retarding Factors

1969 • 43 citations

Isomerization Rates of Iminocarbonates

1966 • 43 citations

Trennung inversionsisomerer Diaziridine. Langsame Inversion am dreibindigen Stickstoffatom

1969 • 43 citations

Geminal Proton Nonequivalences and Related Phenomena in Some N-Substituted Amides¹

1966 • 41 citations

NMR Studies of rate processes and conformations—IX

1968 • 41 citations

Separation of Invertomers (Diastereoisomers) of Diaziridines. Slow Inversion at Tervalent Nitrogen Atoms

1969 • 41 citations

The Activation Energy of Inversion in Substituted 1-Methylaziridines (N-Methylethylenimines) Measured by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique¹

1960 • 41 citations

The stereochemistry and inversion of trivalent oxygen

1968 • 40 citations

Die Bestimmung der Energiebarriere für die gehinderte interne Rotation in N, N‐Dimethylformamid durch Protonenresonanz‐Spektroskopie

1967 • 40 citations

Langsame Inversion am pyramidal gebundenen Stickstoff: Isolierung von diastereomeren 7‐Chlor‐7‐azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanen bei Raumtemperatur

1968 • 39 citations

Aziridines. X. Influence of steric factors on nitrogen inversion rates and ring proton shifts in aziridines

1967 • 39 citations

Distortional Effects on the Ethane Internal-Rotation Barrier

1966 • 39 citations

Quantum mechanical calculations on barriers to internal rotation

1966 • 39 citations

Stable carbonium ions. LXVIII. Protonation and ionization of cyclopropyl halides. Measurement of rotational barriers in substituted allyl cations

1968 • 38 citations

Nachweis innermolekularer beweglichkeit durch nmr-spektrometrie-III

1968 • 37 citations

Hindered rotation in substituted paracyclophanes

1968 • 37 citations

Studies of chemical exchange by nuclear magnetic resonance methods

1968 • 36 citations

Proton magnetic resonance spectra of protonated dialkyl ketones: (Dialkylhydroxycarbonium ions)

1967 • 36 citations

Synthesis and study of pseudo-aromatic compounds. VII. Analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 6-N,N-dimethylaminofulvene, 1-methyl-2-cyclopenta-dienylidene-1,2-dihydropyridine, and 1-methyl-2-cyclopentadienylidene-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrole

1967 • 35 citations

The stereochemical lability of diphosphines and diarsines

1968 • 35 citations

Cis-trans isomerism in N-methyl and N-ethylformanilide

1966 • 35 citations

Internal Rotation in Liquid 1-Fluoro-1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

1967 • 35 citations

Some aspects of cis–trans-isomerization mechanisms

1968 • 35 citations

Stereochemistry at trivalent nitrogen. VI. Slow rotation about nitrogen-sulfur formal single bonds in N,N-dialkylsulfenamides

1969 • 35 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The conformational mobility of humulene and zerumbone

1968 • 33 citations

Carbonium ions with multiple neighboring groups. II. Physical studies

1968 • 33 citations

Rotation of styrene and tert-butylethylene in Pt(II) complexes with 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine

1967 • 32 citations

SOME STUDIES OF SLOW ROTATIONS AROUND BONDS IN AMIDES

1966 • 32 citations

Rotational Isomerism and Stereospecific Long-Range Spin Coupling in 2-Furanaldehyde

1965 • 32 citations

Monosaccharide mit stickstoffhaltigem Ring, XV. NMR‐Spektroskopische Untersuchungen über gehinderte Rotation an Monosacchariden mit stickstoffhaltigem Ring

1967 • 32 citations

Unterscheidung von Stickstoff- und Phosphor-Inversion, Rotation um die N-P-Bindung und Ligandenaustausch am Phosphor

1968 • 31 citations

Electrophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon. XXXII. Spectroscopic Observation of Enantiomer Interconversion of 2,2-Dimethyl-1-phenylsulfonylcyclopropyl Anions

1967 • 31 citations

Slow Inversion at Pyramidal Nitrogen: Isolation of Diastereomeric 7‐Chloro‐7‐azabicyclo‐[4.1.0]heptanes at Room Temperature

1968 • 30 citations

Chemistry and spectroscopy in strongly acidic solutions. Part III: Formation of two different entities on protonation of formic acid

1967 • 30 citations

A 4-Phenoxyphenoxy Radical and an Example of Hindered Aryl Ether Rotation

1966 • 30 citations

Dihydroquinolones—V

1966 • 29 citations

Chemistry and spectroscopy in strongly acidic solutions. Part IV: NMR Spectroscopic observation and structure of protonated aldehydes. Kinetics of deprotonation

1967 • 29 citations

Sigma‐Pi Rearrangements of Organotransition Metal Compounds

1969 • 29 citations

Hindered rotation in substituted benzyl halides

1968 • 28 citations

Anwendungen der kernmagnetischen Resonanzspektroskopie in der organischen Chemie

1963 • 28 citations

Photochemical interconversion of cyclooctatetraene bond shift isomers

1968 • 27 citations

Trennung der Konformationsisomeren eines Nitrosamins

1966 • 27 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of proton exchange rate, nitrogen inversion rate, and relative size of methyl groups and -NH+ protons in N,N'-dimethylpiperazine hydrochlorides

1968 • 26 citations

Optisch‐aktives 2,2′‐Dimethylbiphenyl, der einfachste atropisomere Kohlenwasserstoff

1967 • 26 citations

Sterische Hinderung und Isomerisierung der CN-Doppelbindung in Chinonanilen, NMR- und UV-Untersuchungen

1966 • 26 citations

Alkoxycarbonium ions. The structure of O-alkylated esters

1968 • 26 citations

Some Illustrative Applications of NMR Spectroscopy to Organic Chemistry

1963 • 26 citations

N.M.R. studies of conformational equilibria in substituted ethanes

1963 • 25 citations

Restricted rotation in tert-butylcycloalkanes. Effect of ring size

1968 • 25 citations

Zur Stereochemie von Pentaarylverbindungen des Phosphors, Arsens und Antimons

1966 • 25 citations

Spin-Echo NMR Studies of Internal Rotation in 1,1-Difluoro-1,2-Dibromodichloroethane

1967 • 25 citations

Trennung und Eigenschaften dercis-trans-Isomeren vonN-Alkylthioformamiden

1968 • 24 citations

Zur Kenntnis des chinoiden Zustandes—IX

1968 • 24 citations

Protonenresonanz‐Untersuchungen zur Inversion am dreiwertigen Stickstoffatom, III Trennung der Inversionsisomeren des 2.3‐Dimethyl‐3‐benzyl‐oxaziridins

1969 • 24 citations

THE DESCRIPTION AND USE OF A SPIN-ECHO SPECTROMETER TO STUDY CHEMICAL EXCHANGE

1966 • 23 citations

cis‐trans‐Isomerie des 1,6‐Diphenyl‐1,6‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐hexapentaens

1966 • 22 citations

Nachweis innermolekularer Beweglichkeit in chinoiden Systemen durch NMR‐Spektroskopie

1967 • 21 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance study of asymmetric .pi.-allylic complexes: [(allyl)2RhCl]2, (allyl)2RhCl(C6H5)3P, (allyl)2RhCl(C6H5)3As, and (allyl)4Mo

1968 • 21 citations

The Barriers to Internal Rotation in N,N-Dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide and -carbothioamide, and the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Carbothioamide.

1967 • 20 citations

Unsaturated macrocyclic compounds. LX. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of dehydro[16]annulenes

1968 • 19 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Conformations and conformational equilibration of bis(trifluoromethyl)tetrachloroethane

1968 • 19 citations

Zur Trennung rotationsisomerer Amide, Thioamide und Nitrosamine

1965 • 19 citations

Proton magnetic resonance spectra of C‐protonated anisole and 3,5‐dimethylanisole; inhibition of rotation about the partially double C‐O bond: (Short Communication)

1966 • 19 citations

Anwendungen der kernmagnetischen Resonanz zum Nachweis innermolekularer Rotationen

1968 • 18 citations

Nonhydrogen tautomerism and other chemical rate processes in cyclohexadienones

1968 • 18 citations

Notizen: Cis-trans-Isomere bei kernsubstituierten Acetaniliden

1967 • 16 citations

Etudes cinétiques et conformationnelles par résonance magnétique nucléaire-XIV

1969 • 15 citations

Resolution of an alkyl aryl ketone with asymmetry due to restricted rotation about the carbonyl group

1968 • 13 citations

Steric control of geometrical isomerism in cytosine cations. Nuclear magnetic resonance study

1967 • 13 citations

Notiz zur Rotationsisomerie bei p‐Diphenochinonen

1969 • 13 citations

Etudes cinétiques et conformationnelles par résonance magnétique nucléaire—XV

1969 • 12 citations

Stereochemistry at trivalent nitrogen. II. Diastereomers which differ in configuration at nitrogen

1968 • 12 citations

Slow rotation around the benzene-to-oxygen bond in esters of phenols

1967 • 12 citations

Über die Struktur der Thioamide und ihrer Derivate, II¹⁾ Untersuchungen an N‐[β‐Hydroxy‐äthyl]‐N‐alkyl‐thioformamiden. Trennung von geometrischen Isomeren und NMR‐spektroskopische Konfigurationszuordnungen

1968 • 12 citations

σ‐π‐Umlagerungen organischer Verbindungen der Übergangsmetalle

1969 • 11 citations

A nuclear magnetic resonance study of hindered rotation in biphenyls. Podototarin diacetate and podototarin dimethyl ether

1968 • 10 citations

Cis‐trans‐Isomerie bei N‐monosubstituierten Amiden

1968 • 10 citations

Rapid rotation about carbon-carbon bonds in alkyldiradicals. Mixtures of singlet and triplet methylene

1967 • 4 citations