Parallel processing of somatosensory information: A theory
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Abstract
References (371)
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Representation of slowly and rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the hand in brodmann's areas 3 and 1 of Macaca Mulatta
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Representations of the body surface in cortical areas 3b and 1 of squirrel monkeys: Comparisons with other primates
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Projection to cerebral cortex of large muscle‐spindle afferents in forelimb nerves of the cat
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Reorganization of raccoon somatosensory cortex following removal of the fifth digit
1982 • 219 citations
Peripheral neural determinants of temperature discrimination in man: a correlative study of responses to cooling skin.
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The representation of tactile sensibility in the thalamus of the monkey
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1963 • 212 citations
The immediate shift of afferent drive of dorsal column nucleus cells following deafferentation: A comparison of acute and chronic deafferentation in gracile nucleus and spinal cord
1976 • 210 citations
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Functional properties of primary afferent units probably related to pain mechanisms in primate glabrous skin
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Response characteristics of cutaneous warm receptors in the monkey
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Remarks on some aspects of reflex inhibition
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Double origin of the pericellular baskets of the pyramidal cells of the human motor cortex: A Golgi study
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Composition of Peripheral Nerves
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Sensory Functions of the Skin in Primates
1976 • 190 citations
Short‐latency projections to the cat cerebral cortex from skin and muscle afferents in the contralateral forelimb
1966 • 187 citations
Origin of the pericellular baskets of the pyramidal cells of the human motor cortex: A golgi study
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Fine structure of myelinated mechanical nociceptor endings in cat hairy skin
1981 • 186 citations
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Central nervous mechanisms subserving position sense and kinesthesis.
1959 • 184 citations
The sense of flutter-vibration evoked by stimulation of the hairy skin of primates: Comparison of human sensory capacity with the responses of mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the hairy skin of monkeys
1969 • 183 citations
CUTANEOUS HEAT AND COLD RECEPTORS WITH SLOWLY CONDUCTING (C) AFFERENT FIBRES
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The somatotopic organization of the ventroposterior thalamus of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus
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Specific action potentials in the lingual nerve of cat
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Chronic paw denervation causes an age-dependent appearance of novel responses from forearm in "paw cortex" of kittens and adult cats
1979 • 179 citations
Effect of peripheral nerve injury on receptive fields of cells in the cat spinal cord
1981 • 178 citations
Thalamic input to areas 3a and 2 in monkeys.
1981 • 177 citations
A quantitative study of the projection area of the central and the paracentral visual field in area 17 of the cat
1975 • 176 citations
Neural Basis of the Sense of Flutter-Vibration
1967 • 176 citations
Submodality distribution in sensorimotor cortex of the unanesthetized monkey
1981 • 176 citations
Intracortical arborizations and receptive fields of identified ventrobasal thalamocortical afferents to the primary somatic sensory cortex in the cat
1981 • 172 citations
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Response of primate joint afferent neurons to mechanical stimulation of knee joint
1977 • 167 citations
Sensitization of myelinated nociceptive afferents that innervate monkey hand
1979 • 165 citations
Spatial integration of multiple-point stimuli in primary somatosensory cortical receptive fields of alert monkeys
1980 • 157 citations
Differential distribution of corticospinal projections from individual cytoarchitectonic fields in the monkey
1977 • 156 citations
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Receptor categories represented in spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis.
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Somatotopic organization of raccoon dorsal column nuclei
1968 • 155 citations
The ventro‐basal nucleus of the thalamus: potential fields, synaptic transmission and excitability of both presnyaptic and post‐synaptic components
1964 • 154 citations
Responses of cortical neurons (areas 3a and 4) to ramp stretch of hindlimb muscles in the baboon
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CUTANEOUS PROJECTION TO SECOND-ORDER NEURONS OF THE DORSAL COLUMN SYSTEM
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Purification and characterization of the retina-specific cell-aggregating factor.
1975 • 147 citations
Regional segregation of neurons responding to quickly adapting, slowly adapting, deep and pacinian receptors within thalamic ventroposterior lateral and ventroposterior inferior nuclei in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
1981 • 147 citations
The representation of facial temperature in the caudal trigeminal nucleus of the cat.
1978 • 146 citations
Organization of primary somatosensory cortex in the cat
1980 • 145 citations
Submodality segregation and receptive-field sequences in cuneate, gracile, and external cuneate nuclei of the cat.
1982 • 144 citations
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1979 • 143 citations
Cortical information processing of stimulus motion on primate skin.
1972 • 141 citations
Functional organization in nucleus gracilis of the cat
1960 • 140 citations
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1973 • 140 citations
Projection to cerebral cortex of Group I muscle afferents from the cat's hind limb
1969 • 139 citations
The pilo-ruffini complex: A non-sinus hair and associated slowly-adapting mechanoreceptor in primate facial skin
1978 • 139 citations
The dorsal column system: II. Functional properties and bulbar relay of the postsynaptic fibres of the cat's fasciculus gracilis
1975 • 139 citations
Properties of Ruffini afferents revealed by stress analysis of isolated sections of cat knee capsule.
1982 • 133 citations
The time of origin and the pattern of survival of neurons in the isthmo‐optic nucleus of the chick
1976 • 133 citations
Functional changes in cat somatic sensory-motor cortex during short-term reversible epidural blocks
1979 • 133 citations
Responses of neurones in motor cortex and in area 3A to controlled stretches of forelimb muscles in cebus monkeys.
1975 • 132 citations
The Structural Design of the Neocortex
1965 • 132 citations
Topology of the body representation in somatosensory area I of primates.
1968 • 130 citations
Mechano-electric Transduction in the Pacinian Corpuscle. Initiation of Sensory Impulses in Mechanoreceptors
1971 • 130 citations
Morphology and organization of axon collaterals from afferent fibres of slowly adapting type I units in cat spinal cord.
1978 • 130 citations
Cutaneous Thermoreceptors
1973 • 130 citations
Modular Segregation of Functional Cell Classes Within the Postcentral Somatosensory Cortex of Monkeys
1981 • 129 citations
Efferent projections from temperature sensitive recording loci within the marginal zone of the nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal complex in the cat
1979 • 126 citations
Mechanical factors influencing response of joint afferent neurons from cat knee
1975 • 126 citations
Nucleus Z, the medullary relay in the projection path to the cerebral cortex of group I muscle afferents from the cat's hind limb
1971 • 126 citations
The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. I. Hairy skin
1983 • 125 citations
Response characteristics of cutaneous cold receptors in the monkey
1977 • 124 citations
Differential contributions to coding of cutaneous vibratory information by cortical somatosensory areas I and II
1980 • 124 citations
The problem of sensing and the neural coding of sensory events
1967 • 123 citations
Input from muscle and cutaneous nerves of the hand and forearm to neurones of the precentral gyrus of baboons and monkeys
1973 • 123 citations
Guidance of regrowing sensory axons after cutaneous nerve lesions in the cat
1979 • 121 citations
Specificity and plasticity of retinotectal connections: a computational model
1981 • 121 citations
The arrow model: retinotectal specificity and map formation in the goldfish visual system
1976 • 120 citations
Thermoreceptors
1974 • 120 citations
Anterior parietal cortical topographic organization in macaque monkey: a reevaluation
1982 • 118 citations
Somatic sensory cortical projection areas excited by tactile stimulation of the cat: a triple representation
1966 • 118 citations
Retinotectal Specificity: Models and Experiments in Search of a Mapping Function
1980 • 116 citations
A peripheral "cold" fiber population responsive to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli applied to monkey's face
1975 • 116 citations
Representation of head and face in postcentral gyrus of the macaque
1975 • 115 citations
Goldfish Retina: A Correlate Between Cone Activity and Morphology of the Horizontal Cell in Clone Pedicules
1979 • 115 citations
Sensory mechanisms of the spinal cord
1979 • 113 citations
Development of a transient retino-retinal pathway in hooded and albino rats
1981 • 112 citations
The thalamic relay and cortical projection of Group I muscle afferents from the forelimb of the cat
1966 • 112 citations
Cortical Representation of Tactile Sensibility as Indicated by Cortical Potentials
1937 • 111 citations
The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. II. Vermilion border and mucosa of lip
1983 • 110 citations
New specific sensory structures in hairy skin
1962 • 109 citations
Cutaneous masking. II. Geometry of excitatory andinhibitory receptive fields of single units in somatosensory cortex of the cat
1979 • 108 citations
Dorsal column projection of receptors in cat hairy skin supplied by myelinated fibers.
1968 • 106 citations
Organization of cat anterior parietal cortex: relations among cytoarchitecture, single neuron functional properties, and interhemispheric connectivity.
1981 • 105 citations
Determinants of body representation in postcentral gyrus of macaques.
1971 • 105 citations
Cell migration and neuronal ectopias in the brain.
1975 • 104 citations
Differential contributions of spinal pathways to body representation in postcentral gyrus of Macaca mulatta.
1974 • 103 citations
MUSCLE AFFERENTS AND KINAESTHESIA
1977 • 102 citations
Warm fiber activity in human skin nerves
1975 • 101 citations
Organization of somatic thalamus in monkeys with and without section of dorsal spinal tracts
1979 • 100 citations
The uncertain nervous system
1968 • 99 citations
Functional reorganization of cat somatic sensory-motor cortex (SmI) after selective dorsal root rhizotomies
1980 • 98 citations
Neuronal mechanisms underlying direction sensitivity of somatosensory cortical neurons in awake monkeys.
1980 • 96 citations
Analysis of Restricted Neural Networks
1969 • 94 citations
Patterns of Organization of Peripheral Sensory Receptors
1971 • 94 citations
Body representation in ventrobasal thalamus of macaque: a single-unit analysis
1977 • 94 citations
An electrophysiological analysis of afferent fibres in primate skin
1962 • 93 citations
Response of trigeminal ganglion neurons to thermal stimulation of oral-facial regions. I. Steady-state response.
1970 • 93 citations
Sensory Functions of the Skin of Primates with Special Reference to Man
1977 • 92 citations
Activity of single neurons in the tactile thalamic region of the cat in response to a transient peripheral stimulus.
1954 • 92 citations
The dorsal column system: I. Existence of long ascending postsynaptic fibres in the cat's fasciculus gracilis
1975 • 92 citations
Information signaled by sensory fibers in medial articular nerve
1975 • 91 citations
Reinnervation of glabrous skin in baboons: properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors subsequent to nerve transection
1980 • 90 citations
THE INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS OF THE CORTEX OF AREA 4 OF THE MONKEY
1978 • 89 citations
Lateral cervical nucleus in the cat: functional organization and characteristics
1978 • 89 citations
The representation of the body surface in somatosensory area I of the grey squirrel
1978 • 89 citations
The Uncertain Nervous System.
1969 • 88 citations
Representation of the body surface in somatic koniocortex in the prosimian Galago
1980 • 88 citations
Sensory Functions of the Skin of Humans
1979 • 88 citations
Response properties of neurons in the pericruciate cortex of the cat following electrical stimulation of the appendages
1964 • 87 citations
Studies on the cerebellar projections from the main and external cuneate nuclei in the cat by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase
1975 • 84 citations
Spatial properties of nociceptor sensitization following heat injury of the skin
1982 • 82 citations
Functional reorganization of adult raccoon somatosensory cerebral cortex following neonatal digit amputation
1981 • 80 citations
Cybernetics and development I. Information theory
1965 • 80 citations
Adhesive recognition between developing retinal cells and the optic tecta of the chick embryo
1975 • 80 citations
The Naming of Neurons: Applications of Taxonomic Theory to the Study of Cellular Populations
1975 • 79 citations
Notes on the Hypothesis of Columnar Organization in Somatosensory Cerebral Cortex; pp. 16–31
1975 • 79 citations
Properties of Golgi-Mazzoni afferents in cat knee joint capsule, as revealed by mechanical studies of isolated joint capsule.
1982 • 76 citations
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NEURONS IN THE LATERAL CERVICAL NUCLEUS OF THE CAT
1964 • 76 citations
Coding of steady and transient temperatures by cutaneous ‘cold” fibers serving the hand of monkeys
1975 • 75 citations
Evidence for a Double Peripheral Pathway for Pain
1958 • 75 citations
Is pain a specific sensation?
1971 • 74 citations
Cortical projections of thalamic neurones excited by mechanical stimulation of the face of the cat
1964 • 74 citations
Dorsal Horn Electrophysiology
1973 • 74 citations
Differential activity among wide-field neurons of the cat postcruciate cerebral cortex
1968 • 72 citations
Cytoarchitecture and thalamic connectivity of third somatosensory area of cat cerebral cortex
1978 • 72 citations
Organization of group I activated cells in the main and external cuneate nuclei of the cat: Identification of muscle receptors
1973 • 72 citations
Thalamic relay for group I muscle afferents of forelimb nerves in the monkey.
1981 • 72 citations
Functional Organization of the Somatosensory Cortex
1973 • 72 citations
Coding of information about tactile stimuli by neurones of the cuneate nucleus.
1978 • 72 citations
Response of trigeminal ganglion neurons to thermal stimulation of oral-facial regions. II. Temperature change response.
1970 • 70 citations
Respones of trigeminal ganglion and brain stem neurones in the cat to mechanical and thermal stimulation of the face
1972 • 69 citations
Temporal and spatial parameters of excitation and afferent inhibition in cuneothalamic relay neurons
1977 • 69 citations
Organization of Somatic Central Projections
1967 • 69 citations
Coding of incremental changes in skin temperature by a population of warm fibers in the monkey: correlation with intensity discrimination in man
1979 • 67 citations
Evidence for two distinct classes of unmyelinated nociceptive afferents in monkey
1981 • 66 citations
A study of single axons in the cat's medial lemniscus
1974 • 65 citations
Receptive fields of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex in the cat
1979 • 65 citations
The central representation of some forms of deep sensibility.
1952 • 64 citations
Coding of mechanical stimulus velocity and indentation depth by squirrel monkey and raccoon glabrous skin mechanoreceptors
1976 • 64 citations
Tests for neuroplasticity in the anuran retinotectal system
1973 • 64 citations
Course and termination of fibres from the nucleus Z of the medulla oblongata. An experimental light microscopical study in the cat
1973 • 64 citations
Regenerating Axons Reclaim Sensory Targets from Collateral Nerve Sprouts
1981 • 63 citations
Ascending collaterals of cutaneous neurons in the fasciculus gracilis of the cat
1976 • 62 citations
Central connections of a cervical nucleus (nucleus cervicalis lateralis of the cat)
1955 • 62 citations
Dorsal column projection of fibres from the cat knee joint
1969 • 61 citations
Pain. Research and Treatment
1976 • 61 citations
Sensory funneling. I. Psychophysical observations of human subjects and responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents in the cat to patterned skin stimuli.
1972 • 60 citations
Information processing in the nervous system, 1968
1971 • 60 citations
Neuronal responses in sensorimotor cortex to ramp displacements and maintained positions imposed on hindlimb of the unanesthetized monkey
1981 • 58 citations
Spatial and temporal features of afferent inhibition of thalamocortical relay cells
1979 • 58 citations
The organization of two cutaneous submodalities in the forearm region of area 3b of cat somatosensory cortex
1983 • 58 citations
Sensory funneling. II. Cortical neuronal representation of patterned cutaneous stimuli.
1972 • 58 citations
The innervation of deep structures of the hand
1957 • 57 citations
Spinal trigeminal neurons excited by noxious and thermal stimuli
1972 • 57 citations
Tactile neuron classes within second somatosensory area (SII) of cat cerebral cortex
1980 • 57 citations
Conductivity in the somatosensory cortex of the cat — evidence for cortical anisotropy
1979 • 56 citations
Neuropsychology after Lashley
1983 • 55 citations
Tangential orientation and spatial order in dendrites of cat auditory cortex: A computer microscope study of Golgi-impregnated material
1979 • 55 citations
Time course and pattern of optic fiber regeneration following tectal lobe removal in the goldfish
1980 • 55 citations
Cerebral Localization and Organization
1965 • 53 citations
Response characteristics of specific thermoreceptive afferents innervating monkey facial skin and their relationship to human thermal sensitivity
1981 • 53 citations
Reinnervation of glabrous skin in baboons: properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors subsequent to nerve crush
1979 • 50 citations
Termination of a separate (proprioceptive?) cuneothalamic tract from external cuneate nucleus in monkey
1981 • 50 citations
Stimulus-response relations in high-threshold mechanothermal fibers innervating primate glabrous skin
1977 • 49 citations
Response of cutaneous hair and field mechanoreceptors in cat to threshold stimuli
1978 • 48 citations
Magnification functions and receptive field sequences for submodality‐specific bands in SI cortex of cats
1981 • 48 citations
Axon‐collateral activation by dorsal spinocerebellar tract fibres of group I relay cells of nucleus Z in the cat medulla oblongata.
1977 • 48 citations
The anatomy and physiology of the somatic sensory cortical regions
1978 • 47 citations
Ameboid receptive fields of cells in laminae 1, 2 and 3
1979 • 46 citations
Multiple afferent innervation of primate facial hairs — Henry Head and Max Von Frey revisited
1982 • 45 citations
Neuronal Coding by Cortical Cells of the Frequency of Oscillating Peripheral Stimuli
1968 • 45 citations
Slowly adapting receptors in cat hip joint
1979 • 44 citations
Physiological properties of neurons in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus of the cat
1975 • 43 citations
Identification of muscle afferents which activate interneurons in the intermediate nucleus.
1974 • 43 citations
First somatosensory cortical columns and associated neuronal clusters of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis of the cat: An anatomical demonstration
1981 • 42 citations
Development and chemical specificity of neurons
1982 • 41 citations
The Postcentral Somatosensory Cortex
1981 • 40 citations
Orientation detectors in the primary somatosensory neocortex of the raccoon
1977 • 40 citations
Intensive and Temporal Determinants of Thermal Pain
1979 • 39 citations
Input from ipsilateral proprio‐ and exteroceptive hind limb afferents to nucleus Z of the cat medulla oblongata.
1977 • 38 citations
Organization of group I activated cells in the main and external cuneate nuclei of the cat: Convergence patterns demonstrated by natural stimulation
1973 • 36 citations
Spinal pathways projecting to the cerebral first somatosensory area in the monkey
1972 • 36 citations
Projections to the Cat's Cerebral Cortex from Low Threshold Joint Afferents
1973 • 36 citations
CHEMICAL CAUSES OF PAIN AND ITCH
1970 • 36 citations
Somatotopic projections of mystacial vibrissae on cerebral cortex of cats
1977 • 34 citations
The connections of cortical somatosensory areas I and II with separate nuclei in the ventroposterior thalamus in the raccoon
1983 • 33 citations
Connexions from large, ipsilateral hind limb muscle and skin afferents to the rostral main cuneate nucleus and to the nucleus X region in the cat.
1977 • 33 citations
Afferent basis of nociception and pain: evidence from the characteristics of sensory receptors and their projections to the spinal dorsal horn.
1980 • 33 citations
Specificity and plasticity of retinotectal connections.
1979 • 32 citations
Functional organization of the cat's dorsal horn: connectivity of myelinated fiber systems of hairy skin.
1973 • 32 citations
Facilitatory and inhibitory modulation of wide-field neuron activity in postcruciate cerebral cortex of the domestic cat
1976 • 31 citations
The Neural Basis of the Sensory Quality of Warmth
1979 • 29 citations
THERMOSENSORY MECHANISMS IN THE SPINAL CORD OF MONKEYS
1976 • 29 citations
Patterns of responses of neurons in cuneate nucleus to controlled mechanical stimulation of cutaneous velocity receptors in the cat
1980 • 28 citations
Frequency of tendon organ discharges elicited by the contraction of motor units in cat leg muscles.
1976 • 28 citations
THE RELEASE OF DEEP PAIN BY NERVE INJURY
1965 • 27 citations
Natural stimulation of group I activated cells in the cerebral cortex of the awake cat
1973 • 27 citations
Inhibitory organization of the thalamic ventrobasal neurons with different peripheral representations
1974 • 26 citations
The Organization of the cerebral cortex : proceedings of a Neurosciences Research Program colloquium
1981 • 26 citations
Intracortical Connectivities of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas
1981 • 26 citations
A morphological study of cat dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons after intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase
1981 • 26 citations
Segregation of modality and submodality information in SI cortex of the cat
1979 • 25 citations
Sensation and the Sensory Pathway.
1930 • 25 citations
Location and organization of thalamic thermosensitive neurons responding to cooling the cat oral-facial regions
1980 • 24 citations
Impulse coding in primate cutaneous thermoreceptors in dynamic thermal conditions.
1971 • 24 citations
Nociception
1975 • 23 citations
The projection of joint receptors to the cuneate nucleus in the cat.
1980 • 23 citations
Spinal localization of neurons receiving inputs from cutaneous afferents in the cat hindlimb
1976 • 22 citations
Dynamic response and transfer characteristics of joint neurons in somatosensory thalamus of the cat
1976 • 22 citations
Somatic Sensation
1969 • 21 citations
Retinal-tectal connections in the embryonic chick: Evidence for regionally specific cell surface components which mimic the pattern of innervation
1976 • 21 citations
Nucleus gracilis responses to knee joint motion: A frequency response study
1973 • 20 citations
RESPONSE OF CENTRAL TRIGEMINAL NEURONS TO CUTANEOUS THERMAL STIMULATION
1976 • 19 citations
Neuronal Recognition in the Retinotectal System
1976 • 19 citations
Properties of velocity-mechanosensitive neurons of the cat ventrobasal thalamic nucleus with special reference to the concept of convergence
1981 • 18 citations
A pattern formed by preferential orientation of tangential fibres in layer I of the rabbit's cerebral cortex
1977 • 18 citations
The Formation of Continuously Ordered Mappings
1976 • 18 citations
Physiological and anatomical evidence for a discontinuous representation of the trunk in S‐I of tree shrews
1981 • 17 citations
The Neural Replication of Sensory Events in the Somatic Afferent System
1965 • 17 citations
Response of ventrobasal thalamic cells to hair displacement on the face of the waking monkey.
1975 • 17 citations
Sets of neurons in somatic cerebral cortex of the cat and their ontogeny
1979 • 17 citations
Effects of Early Peripheral Lesions on the Somatotopic Organization of the Cerebral Cortex
1981 • 17 citations
Myelinated fiber types in the superficial radial nerve of the cat and their central projections
1974 • 17 citations
Specificity of connections and tactile coding capacities in cuneate nucleus of the neonatal kitten.
1982 • 16 citations
Neurones in cat gracile nucleus with both local and widefield inputs.
1978 • 15 citations
The dorsal column system. 1. Existence of long ascending postsynaptic fibres in the catʼs fasciculus gracilis
1976 • 15 citations
STIMULUS-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY AFFERENTS AND PSYCHOPHYSICAL INTENSITY ESTIMATION ON MECHANICAL SKIN STIMULATION IN THE HUMAN HAND
1976 • 15 citations
Geometry and orientation of thalamocortical arborizations in the cat somatosensory cortex as revealed by computer reconstruction
1982 • 15 citations
Ascending collaterals of cutaneous neurons in the fasciculus gracilis of the cat during peripheral nerve regeneration
1976 • 14 citations
Multiple loci of evoked potentials in somatosensory cortex
1977 • 12 citations
FUNCTIONAL LOCALIZATION IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
1935 • 11 citations
On reflex actions of muscular origin.
1952 • 11 citations
Somatic Sensory System
1980 • 9 citations
Functional Anatomy of the Deep Motor Branch of the Ulnar Nerve
1977 • 9 citations
RATE SENSITIVITY OF A BIOLOGICAL TRANSDUCER
1969 • 8 citations
Preferential orientation of small profiles in the neuropil of lamina I
1979 • 8 citations
The responses of dorsal horn neurones to controlled mechanical stimulation of the hindlimb skin in the rabbit
1982 • 7 citations
Functional anatomy of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve
1978 • 6 citations
Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Central and Peripheral Cutaneous Afferent Connections (or, why I scratch my tummy when you tickle me on the back)
1979 • 1 citations
Deleted Work
1955 • 0 citations