The origin of galaxies: A review of recent theoretical developments and their confrontation with observation

On sound generated aerodynamically I. General theory

1952 • 4,711 citations

Formation of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies by Self-Similar Gravitational Condensation

1974 • 4,192 citations

Gravitation and cosmology

1974 • 2,752 citations

A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s.

1965 • 2,395 citations

The Spectrum of Turbulence

1938 • 2,366 citations

On the Disks of Spiral and so Galaxies

1970 • 1,824 citations

Construction of a crossing-simmetric, Regge-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories

1968 • 1,677 citations

The structure of star clusters. III. Some simple dvriamical models

1966 • 1,669 citations

Perturbations of a Cosmological Model and Angular Variations of the Microwave Background

1967 • 1,660 citations

Evidence from the motions of old stars that the Galaxy collapsed.

1962 • 1,491 citations

Gravitationally Collapsed Objects of Very Low Mass

1971 • 1,434 citations

Statistical Mechanics of Violent Relaxation in Stellar Systems

1967 • 1,387 citations

Oscillatory approach to a singular point in the relativistic cosmology

1970 • 1,230 citations

Quantized Fields and Particle Creation in Expanding Universes. I

1969 • 1,223 citations

The Distribution of Rich Clusters of Galaxies.

1958 • 1,169 citations

Primeval Adiabatic Perturbation in an Expanding Universe

1970 • 1,135 citations

An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics.

1969 • 1,037 citations

On the Statistical Theory of Isotropic Turbulence

1938 • 910 citations

Origin of the Angular Momentum of Galaxies

1969 • 889 citations

Investigations in relativistic cosmology

1963 • 870 citations

A Numerical Study of the Stability of Flattened Galaxies: or, can Cold Galaxies Survive?

1973 • 859 citations

Gravitational instability: An Approximate theory for large density perturbations

1969 • 836 citations

Spherically Symmetrical Models in General Relativity

1947 • 787 citations

The interaction of matter and radiation in a hot-model universe

1969 • 774 citations

On the Synthesis of Elements at Very High Temperatures

1967 • 767 citations

Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies

1966 • 765 citations

The Isotropy of the Universe

1968 • 756 citations

Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and Galaxy Formation

1968 • 713 citations

Cosmic Black-Body Radiation.

1965 • 712 citations

Entropy Generation and the Survival of Protogalaxies in an Expanding Universe

1971 • 668 citations

A Hypothesis, Unifying the Structure and the Entropy of the Universe

1972 • 658 citations

Zur statistischen Theorie der Turbulenz

1948 • 639 citations

I. The stability of a spherical nebula

1902 • 635 citations

Why is the Universe Isotropic?

1973 • 601 citations

Recombination of the Primeval Plasma

1968 • 597 citations

Quantized Fields and Particle Creation in Expanding Universes. II

1971 • 582 citations

Astronomy and Cosmogony

1929 • 573 citations

Fluctuations at the Threshold of Classical Cosmology

1970 • 556 citations

The Analysis of Counts of the Extragalactic Nebulae in Terms of a Fluctuating Density Field. II.

1954 • 516 citations

Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies

1968 • 467 citations

Pressure fluctuations in isotropic turbulence

1951 • 441 citations

Redshifts and magnitudes of extragalactic nebulae.

1956 • 440 citations

The Velocity-Distance Relation among Extra-Galactic Nebulae

1931 • 434 citations

Are Young Galaxies Visible?

1967 • 427 citations

Morphological Astronomy

1957 • 423 citations

Theoretical hydromechanics

1965 • 418 citations

Dynamical Models for the Formation and Evolution of Spherical Galaxies

1974 • 417 citations

Perturbations of an Expanding Universe

1966 • 397 citations

Origin of the Globular Star Clusters

1968 • 383 citations

The History of Star Formation and the Colors of Late-Type Galaxies

1973 • 355 citations

Proceedings of IAU Symposium

2015 • 328 citations

Stars and Stellar Systems

1966 • 324 citations

Reference catalogue of bright galaxies

1964 • 292 citations

Statistical Analysis of Catalogs of Extragalactic Objects. I. Theory

1973 • 270 citations

Spherically symmetric similarity solutions of the Einstein field equations for a perfect fluid

1971 • 239 citations

Isolated Extragalactic H II Regions

1970 • 237 citations

Normal Modes of Vibrations of the Universe

1967 • 230 citations

Gravitational Waves in Closed Universes

1971 • 228 citations

Generation of Magnetic Fields in the Radiation ERA

1970 • 220 citations

The Intrinsic Flattening of e, so, and Spiral Galaxies as Related to Galaxy Formation and Evolution

1970 • 218 citations

The Evolution of Galaxies and Stars.

1951 • 206 citations

Anisotropy and Polarization in the Gravitational-Radiation Experiments

1970 • 204 citations

A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31.

1929 • 203 citations

The Distribution of Extra-Galactic Nebulae

1934 • 198 citations

Principia philosophiae

1644 • 196 citations

Survey of Modern Cosmology

1965 • 183 citations

External galaxies and quasi-stellar objects

1972 • 181 citations

On the theory of statistical and isotropic turbulence

1948 • 166 citations

Statistical Analysis of Catalogs of Extragalactic Objects. 11. the Abell Catalog of Rich Clusters

1973 • 162 citations

The Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies

1972 • 156 citations

Are Young Galaxies Visible? II. The Integrated Background

1967 • 156 citations

The space structure of perturbations and the origin of rotation of galaxies in the theory of fluctuation.

1970 • 155 citations

The Gravitational-Instability Picture and the Nature of the Distribution of Galaxies

1974 • 153 citations

Problems of Extra-Galactic Research

1962 • 149 citations

A Spectroscopic Survey of Compact and Peculiar Galaxies

1970 • 148 citations

The Nuclei of Galaxies

1970 • 148 citations

Non-Linear Theory of Gravitational Instability in the Expanding Universe

1967 • 148 citations

Statistical analysis of catalogs of extragalactic objects. V - Three-point correlation function for the galaxy distribution in the Zwicky catalog

1975 • 140 citations

NGC 6822, a remote stellar system.

1925 • 139 citations

Evidence for a local super,galaxy

1953 • 133 citations

Primeval Helium Abundance and the Primeval Fireball

1966 • 133 citations

General Relativity and Cosmology

1957 • 127 citations

Action at a Distance in Physics and Cosmology

1975 • 120 citations

The Black-Body Radiation Content of the Universe and the Formation of Galaxies.

1965 • 119 citations

Stellar Evolution in Elliptical Galaxies

1972 • 113 citations

A spiral nebula as a stellar system: Messier 33.

1926 • 113 citations

Compact Galaxies and Compact Parts of Galaxies. II

1966 • 108 citations

Effects of Red Shifts on the Distribution of Nebulae

1936 • 107 citations

Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of Globular Clusters in the Andromeda Nebula

1969 • 106 citations

The Large-Scale Distribution of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies

1971 • 106 citations

Qualitative Cosmology

1971 • 103 citations

Clustering of Galaxies

1965 • 103 citations

Limits on the Local Deviation of the Universe from a Homogeneous Model.

1972 • 101 citations

"Tuning Fork" Classification of Rich Clusters of Galaxies

1971 • 98 citations

On the Evolution of the Solar System

1905 • 97 citations

A Mass-Potential Relationship in Elliptical Galaxies and Some Inferences Concerning the Formation and Evolution of Galaxies.

1964 • 94 citations

Quantized Fields and Particle Creation in Expanding Universes. II

1971 • 91 citations

COMPARISON OF ROTATION CURVES OF DIFFERENT GALAXY TYPES

1973 • 90 citations

On Relativistic Cosmogony

1949 • 90 citations

Particle Creation in Isotropic Cosmologies

1972 • 88 citations

Production of Particles by Gravitational Fields

1969 • 87 citations

The Gravitational Instability of the Universe

1967 • 87 citations

The correlation function for the distribution of galaxies

1969 • 84 citations

Possibility of Matter-Antimatter Separation at High Temperature

1969 • 81 citations

Structure and Evolution of Galaxies

1975 • 78 citations

A radical departure from the ‘steady-state’ concept in cosmology

1966 • 75 citations

The Rate of Star Formation in the Galaxy.

1959 • 74 citations

On the Spatial Distribution of Galaxies: a Specific Model.

1953 • 72 citations

The distribution of extragalactic nebulae

1954 • 71 citations

Measurement of the Spectrum of the Submillimeter Cosmic Background

1975 • 70 citations

Standard Model of the Early Universe

1973 • 69 citations

Clusters Associated with Supergiant Galaxies

1968 • 68 citations

Thermodynamics of strong interactions at high-energy and its consequences for astrophysics

1970 • 67 citations

Self-Consistent Models of Elliptical Galaxies

1970 • 66 citations

Superclusters of Galaxies?

1969 • 64 citations

Intergalactic Matter

1972 • 62 citations

Non-Equilibrium Processes in the Early Universe

1969 • 61 citations

On a Possible Function of Disruptive Approach in the Formation of Meteorites, Comets, and NEBULAE

1901 • 60 citations

Origin of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation in a Chaotic Universe

1972 • 58 citations

Non-Linear Theory of Gravitational Instability in the Expanding Universe. III

1972 • 58 citations

Expansion as an Energy Source in Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources.

1965 • 58 citations

A Preface to Cosmogony. I. The Energy Equation and the Virial Theorem for Cosmic Distributions.

1963 • 57 citations

The Luminosity Function of Nebulae. I. The Luminosity Function of Resolved Nebulae as Indicated by Their Brightest Stars

1936 • 56 citations

Turbulence - a Physical Theory of Astrophysical Interest.

1949 • 55 citations

Clustering Effects among Clusters of Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Sources

1973 • 55 citations

Dynamics of Rotating Stellar Systems: Collapse and Violent Relaxation

1973 • 52 citations

Galaxies, Nuclei and Quasars

1966 • 50 citations

Cepheids in spiral nebulae

1925 • 50 citations

Perturbations on the Mixmaster Universe

1972 • 50 citations

Empirical Properties of the Mass Discrepancy in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies

1970 • 49 citations

Motion of the Sun with respect to the Galaxies and the Kinematics of the Local Supercluster

1968 • 49 citations

Dissipative Effects in the Expansion of the Universe. I.

1972 • 49 citations

The Role of Turbulence in the Evolution of the Universe

1952 • 49 citations

Galaxy Formation in Anisotropic Cosmologies

1972 • 48 citations

The Formation of Stars and Galaxies: Unified Hypotheses

1964 • 47 citations

Determination of the Deformation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>from Electron Scattering

1971 • 45 citations

Peculiar Velocity of the Sun and its Relation to the Cosmic Microwave Background

1967 • 45 citations

Statistical Application of the Virial Theorem to Nearby Groups of Galaxies

1973 • 44 citations

Density perturbations in cosmological models

1968 • 44 citations

Galaxy Formation from Annihilation-Generated Supersonic Turbulence in the Baryon-Symmetric Big-Bang Cosmology and the Gamma-Ray Background Spectrum

1972 • 44 citations

FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GALAXIES

1954 • 43 citations

XXV. Observations on the Nebulæ

1850 • 43 citations

Instability phenomena in systems of galaxies.

1961 • 42 citations

Cosmology

1967 • 42 citations

Winds and X-Rays from Clusters of Galaxies

1973 • 40 citations

Spectrum of the cosmic background radiation between 3 mm and 800 µm

1974 • 39 citations

On the Origin of Great Nebulae

1939 • 38 citations

An Attempt to Test the Nebular Hypothesis by an Appeal to the Laws of Dynamics

1900 • 38 citations

Non-Linear Theory of Gravitational Instability in the Expanding Universe. II

1971 • 37 citations

The cluster of galaxies Abell 2670.

1973 • 37 citations

Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources as Spherical Galaxies in the Process of Formation.

1964 • 36 citations

The Nature of the Distribution of Galaxies

1974 • 35 citations

Was there really a Big Bang ?

1971 • 35 citations

THERMAL COSMIC RADIATION AND THE FORMATION OF PROTOGALAXIES

1967 • 34 citations

Primordial Irregularities in the Early Universe

1972 • 34 citations

Search for Primeval Galaxies

1974 • 33 citations

The Brightest Star Clusters in Galaxies as Distance Indicators

1970 • 33 citations

XVI. Astronomical observations relating to the construction of the heavens, arranged for the purpose of a critical examination, the result of which appears to throw some new light upon the organization of the celestial bodies

1811 • 33 citations

The Equilibria of a Galaxy which is a Superposition of Subsystems

1970 • 32 citations

ROTATION OF GALAXIES AND THE GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY PICTURE.

1971 • 32 citations

Gravitational Waves in Closed Universes

1971 • 32 citations

On the formation of elliptical galaxies*

1966 • 31 citations

Formation of Gravitationally Bound Primordial Gas Clouds

1969 • 31 citations

Stellar Populations in Galaxies

1971 • 30 citations

Manifold of galaxies. Galaxies with known dynamical parameters

1973 • 30 citations

The Density of Matter in the Form of Galaxies

1971 • 29 citations

A. Search for Primeval Galaxies at High Redshifts

1974 • 29 citations

Primeval Turbulence?

1971 • 29 citations

Formation of Galaxies inside Clusters

1973 • 29 citations

The Angular Momentum of Spiral Galaxies. Methods of Rotation-Curve Analysis

1973 • 28 citations

The Evolution of Radio Sources at Large Redshifts

1970 • 27 citations

On the Fragmentation of Self-Gravitating Gas Clouds.

1963 • 27 citations

Dissipative Effects in the Expansion of the Universe. II. a Multicomponent Model for Neutrino Dissipation of Anisotropy in the Early Universe

1972 • 27 citations

The Perseus Cluster: Galaxy Distribution, Anisotropy, and the Mass/luminosity Ratio

1974 • 27 citations

The Orientation of Radio Sources and Elliptical Galaxies

1971 • 27 citations

Nonlinear Limit on Primeval Adiabatic Perturbations

1970 • 26 citations

Condensations in the Intergalactic Medium.

1963 • 26 citations

On the origin of the microwave background

1975 • 25 citations

Dissipation of Primordial Turbulence and Thermal History of the Universe

1971 • 25 citations

ON THE EXISTENCE OF EXTERNAL GALAXIES

1919 • 25 citations

Galaxy Formation Without Primordial Turbulence: Mechanisms for Generating Cosmic Vorticity

1974 • 23 citations

Chapter II. Evolution of the Expanding Hot Universe

1971 • 23 citations

Homogeneous Turbulence

2019 • 23 citations

On the Dissipation of Primordial Turbulence in the Expanding Universe

1970 • 23 citations

Cosmic Turbulence and the Origin of Galaxies

1973 • 23 citations

Spectrographic Observations of Twenty-Eight Markarian Galaxies

1971 • 23 citations

Instability and Waves Driven by Radiation in Interstellar Space and in Cosmological Models

1971 • 22 citations

On the Origin of Galactic Rotation

1971 • 22 citations

Luminosity Function and Color-Magnitude Diagram of Galaxies in a Central Zone of the Coma Cluster

1969 • 22 citations

Photoelectric Photometry of the e0 Galaxy NGC 3379.

1962 • 22 citations

Primordial Turbulence and the FORMAT10N of Galaxies

1972 • 22 citations

The Rotation Curve and Mass Distribution in M31

1973 • 22 citations

The Angular Momentum of Spiral Galaxies. II. Detailed Models and Correlations for 17 Galaxies

1973 • 21 citations

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe

1970 • 20 citations

Classified forms and Position Angles of 4891 Galaxies in a Continuous Field of 3071 Square Degrees Centred in the Constellation Pisces

1964 • 20 citations

Gravithermodynamics -- I: Phenomenological Equilibrium Theory and Zero Time Fluctuations

1968 • 19 citations

Relations among several dynamical quantities of galaxies

1967 • 18 citations

A Study of Three Groups of Galaxies: Plausible Explanation of the Virial Mass Discrepancy

1973 • 18 citations

The Forms and Position Angles of 4287 Galaxies in Hydra, URSA Major, Virgo and Eridanus

1968 • 18 citations

Mass of a Galaxy and Dissipative Process in the Hot Universe

1971 • 15 citations

Gravithermodynamics--II: Generalized Statistical Mechanics of Violent Agitation

1969 • 14 citations

Formation of Galaxies in Classical Cosmology

1968 • 14 citations

THE NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS

1906 • 13 citations

Groups of Galaxies: Hidden Mass or Quick Disintegration?

1971 • 13 citations

An Attempt to Test the Nebular Hypothesis by the Relations of Masses and Momenta

1900 • 13 citations

The Production of Vorticity in an Expanding, Self-Gravitating Fluid

1973 • 13 citations

On the Hypothesis that the Coma Cluster is Stabilized by a Massive, Ionized Intergalactic Gas

1970 • 12 citations

Turbulence in the Hot Universe

1970 • 12 citations

On the Gravitational Instability in an Expanding Universe

1967 • 12 citations

High-Frequency Sound Waves to Eliminate a Horizon in the Mixmaster Universe

1972 • 12 citations

Luminosity Distribution and Average Density of Matter in Twenty-Five Groups of Galaxies

1933 • 12 citations

Die Gestalt der Spiralnebel

1948 • 11 citations

Spectral Lines and Radial Velocities of Galaxies in Pairs

1970 • 11 citations

On the origin of the forms and the present condition of some of the clusters of stars, and several of the nebulae

1852 • 11 citations

Outlines of a Theory of Spiral and Planetary Nebulae.

1896 • 11 citations

The Density of Matter in the Universe and the Epoch of Galaxy Formation

1971 • 10 citations

The scale effect in compressible turbulence

1969 • 10 citations

Primordial Random Motions and Angular Momenta of Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters

1973 • 9 citations

The Lagging-Core Model for Quasi-Stellar Sources

1967 • 9 citations

GALAXY FORMATION FROM PRIMEVAL UNIVERSAL TURBULENCE.

1972 • 9 citations

Non-Random Distribution of Extragalactic Nebulae

1938 • 9 citations

A study of the distribution of extra-galactic nebulae based on plates taken with the Crossley reflector

1934 • 9 citations

Ein merkwürdiger Haufen von Nebelflecken

1901 • 9 citations

Analysis of Counts of the Extragalactic Nebulae in Terms of a Fluctuating Density Field. III.

1957 • 9 citations

Die obere Grenze der Größe der Spiralnebel

1948 • 9 citations

Gravithermodynamics--III: Phenomenological Non-Equilibrium Theory and Finite-Time Fluctuations

1970 • 8 citations

A study of nebulae

1914 • 7 citations

Note on the Distribution and Number of Nebulae

1925 • 7 citations

The Origin of Galaxies

1970 • 7 citations

Galaxy formation from primordial turbulence

1974 • 6 citations

Über einen Nebelfleck‐Haufen im Perseus

1905 • 6 citations

The Rotation and Angular Momentum of Galaxies

1970 • 6 citations

The Ratio of Atomic Hydrogen to Dust in the Direction of the Omega Nebula

1970 • 6 citations

On the Non-Linear Effect of Cosmic Fluid in an Expanding Universe

1970 • 6 citations

Abundances of Morphological Types among Galaxies in Clusters and in the Field.

1962 • 5 citations

Chapter III. Formation of Proto-Galaxies in the Expanding Universe

1971 • 5 citations

On the Jeans Criterion in Relativistic Cosmology

1968 • 5 citations

Comment on the origin of galactic rotation

1973 • 4 citations

21-cm neutral hydrogen line observations of compact galaxies.

1970 • 3 citations

Stability of Clusters of Galaxies with Mass Loss to Gravitational Radiation

1973 • 3 citations

Bode's Law and Spiral Structure in Nebulae

1911 • 3 citations

The Sound Generated by Cosmic Turbulence and the Origin of Galaxies

1973 • 3 citations

On the Non-Linear Effect of Cosmic Fluid in an Expanding Universe. II

1971 • 3 citations

Spiral and Irregular Galaxies Associated with Rich Regular Clusters

1974 • 3 citations

Remarks on the supposed new planet of Gasparis

1852 • 2 citations

The Dissolution of Early Clusters of Galaxies by Strong Quasi-Stellar Sources

1970 • 2 citations

Study of the redshift structure of the Coma Cluster

1973 • 2 citations

On the Origin of the Galactic Halo

1971 • 2 citations

Chapter I. General Review and Summary

1971 • 1 citations

Are giant galaxies helium rich

1967 • 1 citations

Comment on the Noerdlinger Hypothesis

1973 • 1 citations

Die Struktur von Kerninduktionssignalen

1958 • 1 citations