The role of the amygdala in emotional processing: A quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies

Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis

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Searching for a baseline: Functional imaging and the resting human brain

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Functional Neuroimaging of Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Processing in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia

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Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis

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A unified statistical approach for determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation

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Masked Presentations of Emotional Facial Expressions Modulate Amygdala Activity without Explicit Knowledge

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For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion

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Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: A relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas

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Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior

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Response and Habituation of the Human Amygdala during Visual Processing of Facial Expression

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Effects of Attention and Emotion on Face Processing in the Human Brain

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A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust

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Approach-withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: Emotional expression and brain physiology: I.

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Atlas of the Human Brain

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The jackknife-a review

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A neuromodulatory role for the human amygdala in processing emotional facial expressions

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Modulating emotional responses

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Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger

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Valence, gender, and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: a meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging

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Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis

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Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions

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Normal Sexual Dimorphism of the Adult Human Brain Assessed by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2001 • 1,015 citations

Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account

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The Amygdala Response to Emotional Stimuli: A Comparison of Faces and Scenes

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A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Responses to Overtly Presented Fearful Faces in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2005 • 923 citations

The Human Amygdala: An Evolved System for Relevance Detection

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Distant influences of amygdala lesion on visual cortical activation during emotional face processing

2004 • 920 citations

The primate amygdala represents the positive and negative value of visual stimuli during learning

2006 • 894 citations

Activation of the left amygdala to a cognitive representation of fear

2001 • 887 citations

Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2005 • 885 citations

Neural responses to facial and vocal expressions of fear and disgust

1998 • 835 citations

Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli

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Neuroanatomical correlates of pleasant and unpleasant emotion

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Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal

2004 • 804 citations

Activity and Connectivity of Brain Mood Regulating Circuit in Depression: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Study

2005 • 771 citations

Human Amygdala Responsivity to Masked Fearful Eye Whites

2004 • 749 citations

Recognition of facial emotion in nine individuals with bilateral amygdala damage

1999 • 729 citations

Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion

1997 • 718 citations

Event-Related Activation in the Human Amygdala Associates with Later Memory for Individual Emotional Experience

2000 • 702 citations

Neural circuitry underlying voluntary suppression of sadness

2003 • 681 citations

Individual Differences in Trait Anxiety Predict the Response of the Basolateral Amygdala to Unconsciously Processed Fearful Faces

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Genetics of emotional regulation: the role of the serotonin transporter in neural function

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Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Expression of Positive and Negative Emotions

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A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear versus anger.

2001 • 620 citations

A direct brainstem–amygdala–cortical ‘alarm’ system for subliminal signals of fear

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Menstrual cycle phase modulates reward-related neural function in women

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Neural Correlates of the Automatic Processing of Threat Facial Signals

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Explicit and implicit neural mechanisms for processing of social information from facial expressions: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2000 • 527 citations

An fMRI Study of Facial Emotion Processing in Patients With Schizophrenia

2002 • 524 citations

Differential prefrontal cortex and amygdala habituation to repeatedly presented emotional stimuli

2001 • 523 citations

Fear fosters flight: A mechanism for fear contagion when perceiving emotion expressed by a whole body

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State Anxiety Modulation of the Amygdala Response to Unattended Threat-Related Stimuli

2004 • 497 citations

Amygdala Response to Happy Faces as a Function of Extraversion

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Lateralization of amygdala activation: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies

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Right Hemisphere Lateralization for Emotion in the Human Brain: Interactions with Cognition

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Estrous cycle and sex differences in performance on anxiety tasks coincide with increases in hippocampal progesterone and 3α,5α-THP

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Gender Differences in Judgments of Multiple Emotions From Facial Expressions.

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Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging: modelling, inference and optimization

1999 • 431 citations

Processing of the Arousal of Subliminal and Supraliminal Emotional Stimuli by the Human Amygdala

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Beyond threat: Amygdala reactivity across multiple expressions of facial affect

2005 • 427 citations

Neural substrates of facial emotion processing using fMRI

2001 • 424 citations

Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior

2001 • 416 citations

Neural correlates of individual ratings of emotional salience: a trial-related fMRI study

2003 • 412 citations

Processing emotional pictures and words: Effects of valence and arousal

2006 • 412 citations

Common and distinct neural responses during direct and incidental processing of multiple facial emotions

2003 • 395 citations

Ecstasy and Agony: Activation of the Human Amygdala in Positive and Negative Emotion

2002 • 393 citations

Facial expressions and complex IAPS pictures: Common and differential networks

2006 • 388 citations

Enhanced neural activity in response to dynamic facial expressions of emotion: an fMRI study

2004 • 387 citations

Differential activation of the amygdala and the ‘social brain’ during fearful face-processing in Asperger Syndrome

2006 • 380 citations

Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala

2002 • 377 citations

Linguistic threat activates the human amygdala

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Neural Correlates of Processing Valence and Arousal in Affective Words

2006 • 372 citations

Subjective rating of emotionally salient stimuli modulates neural activity

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Affect, cognition, and hemispheric specialization.

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Implicit and Explicit Evaluation: fMRI Correlates of Valence, Emotional Intensity, and Control in the Processing of Attitudes

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Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces

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Neural Correlates of Facial Affect Processing in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2004 • 354 citations

Hormonal Cycle Modulates Arousal Circuitry in Women Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2005 • 345 citations

Trauma modulates amygdala and medial prefrontal responses to consciously attended fear

2005 • 345 citations

Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala-Prefrontal Systems in Paranoid Schizophrenia

2004 • 340 citations

Activation of the amygdala and anterior cingulate during nonconscious processing of sad versus happy faces

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The Moral Affiliations of Disgust

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Single neuron responses in amygdala of alert monkey during complex sensory stimulation with affective significance

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Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated With Attribution of Emotional Valence to Pleasant, Unpleasant, and Neutral Visual Stimuli in a PET Study of Normal Subjects

1999 • 323 citations

Paying attention to emotion: An fMRI investigation of cognitive and emotional Stroop tasks

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Explicit and Incidental Facial Expression Processing: An fMRI Study

2001 • 311 citations

Emotional and Temporal Aspects of Situation Model Processing during Text Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study

2005 • 310 citations

Individual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal

2005 • 309 citations

Neural activity associated with episodic memory for emotional context

2001 • 302 citations

Differential neural responses to overt and covert presentations of facial expressions of fear and disgust

2004 • 299 citations

Arousal Dissociates Amygdala and Hippocampal Fear Responses: Evidence from Simultaneous fMRI and Skin Conductance Recording

2001 • 295 citations

Emotion Induction After Direct Intracerebral Stimulations of Human Amygdala

2006 • 287 citations

Dopamine Modulates the Response of the Human Amygdala: A Study in Parkinson's Disease

2002 • 285 citations

Age-related differences in brain activation during emotional face processing

2002 • 284 citations

Seeing Fearful Body Expressions Activates the Fusiform Cortex and Amygdala

2003 • 277 citations

Emotional context modulates subsequent memory effect

2003 • 276 citations

Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects

2005 • 276 citations

Neural correlates of regulating negative emotions related to moral violations

2005 • 273 citations

Target Visibility and Visual Awareness Modulate Amygdala Responses to Fearful Faces

2005 • 268 citations

Amygdalar activation associated with positive and negative facial expressions

2002 • 266 citations

Sex differences in amygdala activation during the perception of facial affect

2001 • 253 citations

Amygdala–prefrontal dissociation of subliminal and supraliminal fear

2005 • 253 citations

Brain Networks Involved in Viewing Angry Hands or Faces

2005 • 251 citations

Task and Content Modulate Amygdala-Hippocampal Connectivity in Emotional Retrieval

2006 • 249 citations

Role of the amygdala in processing visual social stimuli

2006 • 243 citations

Increased medial temporal lobe activation during the passive viewing of emotional and neutral facial expressions in schizophrenia

2005 • 240 citations

Neural Responses to Emotional Stimuli Are Associated with Childhood Family Stress

2006 • 238 citations

The insula is not specifically involved in disgust processing: an fMRI study

2002 • 237 citations

Neural Interaction of the Amygdala with the Prefrontal and Temporal Cortices in the Processing of Facial Expressions as Revealed by fMRI

2001 • 233 citations

Lateral asymmetry in intensity of emotional expression

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Time courses of left and right amygdalar responses to fearful facial expressions

2001 • 232 citations

Task instructions modulate neural responses to fearful facial expressions

2003 • 228 citations

Same or different? Neural correlates of happy and sad mood in healthy males

2005 • 227 citations

A common neural basis for receptive and expressive communication of pleasant facial affect

2005 • 222 citations

Mode of Functional Connectivity in Amygdala Pathways Dissociates Level of Awareness for Signals of Fear

2006 • 220 citations

Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study

2003 • 216 citations

Noradrenaline mediates amygdala activation in men and women during encoding of emotional material

2004 • 213 citations

Sensing the invisible: differential sensitivity of visual cortex and amygdala to traumatic context

2003 • 210 citations

An fMRI study of differential neural response to affective pictures in schizophrenia

2004 • 206 citations

A preferential increase in the extrastriate response to signals of danger

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Sex Differences in the Responses of the Human Amygdala

2005 • 202 citations

Effects of Low-Spatial Frequency Components of Fearful Faces on Fusiform Cortex Activity

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The amygdala processes the emotional significance of facial expressions: an fMRI investigation using the interaction between expression and face direction

2004 • 201 citations

Age‐related differences in the medial temporal lobe responses to emotional faces as revealed by fMRI

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The Emotional Modulation of Cognitive Processing: An fMRI Study

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Differential Contribution of Right and Left Amygdala to Affective Information Processing

1999 • 189 citations

The Jackknife--A Review

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Sexually Dimorphic Synaptic Organization of the Medial Amygdala

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Dextroamphetamine Modulates the Response of the Human Amygdala

2002 • 184 citations

Extended Amygdala and Emotional Salience: A PET Activation Study of Positive and Negative Affect

2002 • 184 citations

Common and Distinct Brain Activation to Threat and Safety Signals in Social Phobia

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Differential amygdala response during facial recognition in patients with schizophrenia: an fMRI study

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The Effect of Emotional Content on Visual Recognition Memory: A PET Activation Study

1998 • 180 citations

Inner Experience of Pain: Imagination of Pain While Viewing Images Showing Painful Events Forms Subjective Pain Representation in Human Brain

2006 • 172 citations

Functional MRI of facial emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia and their electrophysiological correlates

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Pathways for fear perception: modulation of amygdala activity by thalamo-cortical systems

2005 • 166 citations

A functional anatomic study of emotion in schizophrenia

2002 • 163 citations

The Kuleshov Effect: the influence of contextual framing on emotional attributions

2006 • 159 citations

The effect of graded aversive stimuli on limbic and visual activation

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Emotion–attention network interactions during a visual oddball task

2004 • 156 citations

Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain

2006 • 152 citations

Neural correlates of anxiety associated with obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in normal volunteers

2003 • 152 citations

The effect of anticipation and the specificity of sex differences for amygdala and hippocampus function in emotional memory

2006 • 149 citations

Attention and emotion: Does rating emotion alter neural responses to amusing and sad films?

2005 • 148 citations

Individual Differences in the Modulation of Fear-Related Brain Activation by Attentional Control

2004 • 145 citations

Brain activation of spider phobics towards disorder-relevant, generally disgust- and fear-inducing pictures

2005 • 142 citations

The effect of gonadal hormones and gender on anxiety and emotional learning

2006 • 140 citations

Neural Substrates of Emotion as Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2004 • 140 citations

Erotic and disgust-inducing pictures—Differences in the hemodynamic responses of the brain

2005 • 139 citations

Age-differential patterns of brain activation during perception of angry faces

2005 • 137 citations

The neural bases of amusement and sadness: A comparison of block contrast and subject-specific emotion intensity regression approaches

2005 • 135 citations

Novelty responses and differential effects of order in the amygdala, substantia innominata, and inferior temporal cortex

2003 • 134 citations

Neural Response to Emotional Salience in Schizophrenia

2005 • 133 citations

Amygdala activation at 3T in response to human and avatar facial expressions of emotions

2006 • 132 citations

The impact of affect and frequency on lexical decision: The role of the amygdala and inferior frontal cortex

2006 • 124 citations

Amygdala Activation to Sad Pictures During High-Field (4 Tesla) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

2005 • 120 citations

Habituation of Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex to Repeated Emotionally Salient Pictures

2003 • 111 citations

BOLD, sweat and fears: fMRI and skin conductance distinguish facial fear signals

2004 • 111 citations

Effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic manipulation on emotional processing: A pharmacological fMRI study

2005 • 110 citations

The impact of individual differences on the neural circuitry underlying sadness

2003 • 108 citations

fMRI of sensitization to angry faces

2005 • 99 citations

Hemodynamic responses to fear and disgust-inducing pictures: an fMRI study

2003 • 99 citations

Novel fearful faces activate the amygdala in healthy young and elderly adults

2005 • 99 citations

Amygdala responses to human faces in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2004 • 98 citations

Enhanced amygdala responses to emotional versus neutral schematic facial expressions

2002 • 94 citations

Neutral faces activate the amygdala during identity matching

2005 • 93 citations

The dynamics of cortico-amygdala and autonomic activity over the experimental time course of fear perception

2004 • 92 citations

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

2006 • 90 citations

Retrieving accurate and distorted memories: Neuroimaging evidence for effects of emotion

2005 • 89 citations

Emotional content and reality-monitoring ability: fMRI evidence for the influences of encoding processes

2005 • 87 citations

Functional dissociation of amygdala-modulated arousal and cognitive appraisal, in Turner syndrome

2005 • 86 citations

Asymmetrical Activation in the Human Brain during Processing of Fearful Faces

2005 • 86 citations

Ketamine alters neural processing of facial emotion recognition in healthy men: An fMRI study

2003 • 85 citations

Attentional modulation of emotional stimulus processing: An fMRI study using emotional expectancy

2005 • 85 citations

Emotional context during encoding of neutral items modulates brain activation not only during encoding but also during recognition

2005 • 85 citations

Relationship between Disgust Sensitivity, Trait Anxiety and Brain Activity during Disgust Induction

2005 • 84 citations

μ-Opioid receptors and limbic responses to aversive emotional stimuli

2002 • 83 citations

Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory

2005 • 81 citations

fMRI responses to pictures of mutilation and contamination

2005 • 81 citations

Separating subjective emotion from the perception of emotion-inducing stimuli: An fMRI study

2006 • 80 citations

Impaired fear processing in right mesial temporal sclerosis: a fMRI study

2004 • 80 citations

Preferential responses in amygdala and insula during presentation of facial contempt and disgust

2006 • 74 citations

Children recruit distinct neural systems for implicit emotional face processing

2006 • 74 citations

Cognitive modulation of emotion anticipation

2006 • 69 citations

Hemodynamic Effects of Negative Emotional Pictures – A Test-Retest Analysis

2004 • 65 citations

Stimulus type and design influence hemodynamic responses towards visual disgust and fear elicitors

2005 • 64 citations

The robustness of perception

2005 • 59 citations

The Influence of Gender and Emotional Valence of Visual Cues on fMRI Activation in Humans

2003 • 52 citations

Elevated responses to constant facial emotions in different faces in the human amygdala: an fMRI study of facial identity and expression.

2004 • 51 citations

Temporomesial Activation in Young Females Associated with Unpleasant Words concerning Body Image

2003 • 23 citations