The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in psychiatric patients and healthy subjects: Parts 1–4

A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION

1960 • 30,921 citations

Research Diagnostic Criteria

1978 • 6,988 citations

Alterations in Thyroid Function in Patients with Systemic Illness: The “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome”*

1982 • 927 citations

Physiologie des Menschen

2007 • 796 citations

The Dexamethasone Suppression Test for Melancholia

1982 • 774 citations

Receptor Sensitivity and the Mechanism of Action of Antidepressant Treatment

1981 • 645 citations

Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patients: a review

1982 • 504 citations

Response to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) in Normal Man

1972 • 395 citations

Adrenergic activation of triiodothyronine production in brown adipose tissue

1983 • 395 citations

[NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF THE THYROTROPIN SECRETION].

1964 • 378 citations

An Analysis of the Sources and Quantity of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Specifically Bound to Nuclear Receptors in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum*

1982 • 338 citations

A Hypothesis of Thyroid-Catecholamine-Receptor Interaction

1981 • 337 citations

The Effect of Glucocorticoid Administration on Human Pituitary Secretion of Thyrotropin and Prolactin

1976 • 303 citations

Opposite Effects of Dexamethasone on Serum Concentrations of 3, 3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (Reverse T₃) and 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (T₃)

1975 • 299 citations

The effect of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin secretion

1969 • 272 citations

Neuroendocrine abnormalities in bulimia

1983 • 250 citations

Differences in nocturnal melatonin secretion between melancholic depressed patients and control subjects

1985 • 247 citations

Potentiation of antidepressant effects by L-triiodothyronine in tricyclic nonresponders

1982 • 236 citations

Influence of Glucocorticoids on TRF-Induced TSH Response in Man

1973 • 204 citations

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Responses in Continuously Collected Human Plasma to a Series of Stressors

1983 • 204 citations

Inhibition of thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone by small quantities of thyroid hormones

1972 • 200 citations

CSF Somatostatin in Affective Illness

1983 • 190 citations

Comparative muscular strength of men and women: a review of the literature.

1976 • 189 citations

Thyroid Hormone Action at the Cell Level

1979 • 186 citations

Serum Thyroid Hormones and Thyrotropin in Anorexia Nervosa

1975 • 164 citations

Effect of the violation of assumptions upon significance levels of the Pearson r.

1977 • 161 citations

Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders

1982 • 157 citations

The Basis for Amine Hypotheses in Affective Disorders

1975 • 154 citations

Effect of Dexamethasone on Prolactin and TSH Responses to TRH and Metoclopramide in Man

1977 • 152 citations

Low Serum Triiodothyronine in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

1975 • 150 citations

The thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression

1981 • 141 citations

Hormone release in depressed patients before and after recovery

1977 • 131 citations

Pharmacological interference with in vitro tests of thyroid function

1981 • 121 citations

Thyroxine and brain catecholamines: Increased transmitter synthesis and increased receptor sensitivity

1974 • 120 citations

Thyroid Function Screening in Psychiatric Patients

1979 • 119 citations

Effects of Glucocorticoids on Pituitary Hormonal Responses to Hypoglycemia. Inhibition of Prolactin Release*

1975 • 119 citations

Thyroid Function and the Response to Liothyronine in Depression

1972 • 116 citations

Effects of thyroid state on adrenoceptor properties

1974 • 115 citations

EFFECT OF SINGLE DOSE DEXAMETHASONE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN MAN

1974 • 114 citations

Protirelin Stimulation Test and Thyroid Function During Treatment of Depression

1975 • 111 citations

The relationship between the pineal gland and the pituitary-adrenal axis in health, endocrine and psychiatric conditions

1983 • 109 citations

Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Stimulation Test in Manic-Depressive Illness

1978 • 106 citations

Neuroendocrine and neurochemical measurements in depression

1981 • 105 citations

Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression

1981 • 103 citations

Thyroid Hormone Action at the Nuclear Level

1985 • 102 citations

Carbamazepine and Thyroid Function in Affectively Ill Patients

1984 • 102 citations

Neuroendocrine measures in psychiatric patients: Course and outcome with ECT

1981 • 99 citations

Reduced Plasma Thyrotropin Response to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone After Dexamethasone Administration in Normal Subjects

1973 • 99 citations

TRH (Protirelin) in Depressed Alcoholic Men

1979 • 97 citations

Studies on the influence of biogenic amines and psychoactive drugs on the prognostic value of the TRH stimulation test in endogenous depression

1977 • 96 citations

Fasting Blunts the TSH Response to Synthetic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)

1975 • 94 citations

Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and serotonin uptake inhibition during treatment with chlorimipramine

1977 • 93 citations

The effect of tri-iodothyronine in combination with imipramine on [3H]-cyclic AMP production in slices of rat cerebral cortex

1974 • 92 citations

Evidence for Pineal Gland Modulation of the Neuroendocrine-Thyroid Axis

1983 • 90 citations

Localization of triiodothyronine in nerve ending fractions of rat brain.

1976 • 89 citations

Low levels of somatostatin in human CSF mark depressive episodes

1984 • 89 citations

Acute Effects of Corticosteroids on Thyroid Activity in Graves' Disease

1975 • 89 citations

Neuroendocrine interrelationships in major depressive disorder

1982 • 88 citations

Thyroid Function Screening in New Psychiatric Admissions

1982 • 81 citations

THE EFFECT OF STRESSFUL DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES AND SURGERY ON ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE RELEASE IN MAN

1977 • 80 citations

The effect of stress on the dexamethasone suppression test

1985 • 80 citations

EFFECT OF A SINGLE DOSE OF DEXAMETHASONE ON SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROID HORMONES

1976 • 80 citations

Persistent neuroendocrine dysregulation in major depressive disorder: a marker for early relapse.

1984 • 80 citations

Testing for association in 2 × 2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes.

1979 • 79 citations

Relationship of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone test and dexamethasone suppression test abnormalities in unipolar depression

1981 • 78 citations

Thyroid hormones and TSH, prolactin and LH responses to repeated TRH and LRH injections in depressed patients

1979 • 77 citations

Thyroid hormone homeostasis in states of relative caloric deprivation

1980 • 77 citations

Repetitive Administration of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Results in Small Elevations of Serum Thyroid Hormones and in Marked Inhibition of Thyrotropin Response

1973 • 77 citations

A Review of Psychoendocrine Research on the Pituitary-Thyroid System

1968 • 74 citations

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in abstinent alcoholic men

1983 • 73 citations

Thyroid Axis in Patients With Cushing's Syndrome

1979 • 73 citations

Thyroid function and affective illness: a reappraisal.

1984 • 73 citations

PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THYROTROPIN‐ RELEASING HORMONE STIMULATION TEST IN ENDOGENOUS DEPRESSION

1975 • 72 citations

The TSH Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) in Young Adult Men: Intra-Individual Variation and Relation to Basal Serum TSH and Thyroid Hormones

1976 • 72 citations

Synaptosomal [125I]triiodothyronine after intravenous [125I]thyroxine.

1978 • 69 citations

The dexamethasone suppression test in depression, in schizophrenia, and during experimental stress

1985 • 68 citations

RAPID DECREASE IN PLASMA-TRIIODOTHYRONINE DURING SURGERY AND EPIDURAL ANALGESIA INDEPENDENT OF AFFERENT NEUROGENIC STIMULI AND OF CORTISOL

1976 • 65 citations

Dissociation of TSH and adrenocortical disturbance in endogenous depression

1980 • 64 citations

A Study of Thyroid Function in Psychiatric In-patients

1978 • 61 citations

The application of serial neuroendocrine challenge studies in the management of depressive disorder.

1983 • 61 citations

Thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in unipolar and bipolar affective illness

1981 • 58 citations

SERUM LEVELS OF TSH, T3, rT3, T4 AND T3-RESIN UPTAKE IN SURGICAL TRAUMA

1978 • 55 citations

Prediction of relapse with the TRH test and prophylactic amitriptyline in 39 patients with endogenous depression

1984 • 53 citations

Endocrine changes and clinical profiles in depression: II. The thyrotropin-releasing hormone test

1984 • 52 citations

Thyrotropin Responses to TRH in Depressive Illness: Relation to Clinical Subtypes and Prolonged Duration of Depressive Episode

1974 • 52 citations

Transient Lack of Thyrotropin (TSH) Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) in Treated Hyperthyroid Patients with Normal or Low Serum Thyroxine (T₄) and Triiodothyronine (T₃)¹

1974 • 51 citations

Effects of thyroid status on presynaptic?2-adrenoceptor function and?-adrenoceptor binding in the rat brain

1984 • 51 citations

Hyperthyroidism: Specifically increased response to central NA-(?-)receptor stimulation and generally increased monoamine turnover in brain

1977 • 49 citations

Behavioral and Endocrine Responses of Schizophrenic Patients to TRH (Protirelin)

1979 • 49 citations

Plasma Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Response in Anticipation of Muscular Exercise in the Human

1973 • 47 citations

Grades of thyroid failure in 100 depressed and anergic psychiatric inpatients

1981 • 44 citations

Dexamethasone suppression test and TRH test in endogenous depression

1983 • 43 citations

Effects of age and diagnosis on thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patients

1986 • 42 citations

High reverse T3 levels in manic and unipolar depressed women

1982 • 42 citations

Parallel changes of the responses of thyrotropin, growth hormone and prolactin to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression

1981 • 41 citations

Serum thyroid hormone abnormalities in psychiatric disease

1981 • 41 citations

Free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in a group of unipolar depressed patients and normal subjects

1985 • 40 citations

THYROTROPIN, FREE AND TOTAL TRIIODOTHYRONINE, AND THYROXINE IN SERUM DURING SURGERY

1979 • 40 citations

Endocrine responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in major depressive disorders

1981 • 38 citations

Decreased triiodothyronines in depression: A preliminary report

1985 • 36 citations

Reverse T3 levels in affective disorders

1983 • 36 citations

Psychoendocrinological and therapeutic effects of TRH in depression

1977 • 35 citations

THYROTROPHIN AND PROLACTIN RESPONSIVENESS TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN CUSHING'S DISEASE

1975 • 35 citations

Serial dexamethasone suppression tests in psychiatric illness: Part III. The influence of intervening variables

1986 • 33 citations

Thyroid Dysfunction in Female Psychiatric Patients

1976 • 32 citations

Catecholamines and the Sympathoadrenal System

1976 • 31 citations

Serial dexamethasone suppression tests in psychiatric illness: Part I. A study in Schizophrenia and mania

1986 • 30 citations

The effect of surgical operation of moderate severity on thyroid function

1973 • 30 citations

Radioimmunoassay of 3,3′,5′-Triiodo-L-thyronine (Reverse T3) in Human Serum and its Application in Different Thyroid States

1975 • 29 citations

Endocrine studies in heroin addicts

1979 • 29 citations

Thyroid hormone and norepinephrine: Effects on alpha-2, beta, and reuptake sites in cerebral cortex and heart

1988 • 28 citations

Thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in unipolar depression before and after clinical improvement

1982 • 27 citations

Radioimmunoassay of Thyroxine in Unextracted Serum

1974 • 27 citations

Regulation of ?1-adrenoceptors in the cerebral cortex of the rat by thyroid hormones

1981 • 27 citations

Starvation Induces a Partial Failure of Triiodothyronine to Inhibit the ThyrotropinResponse to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone*

1980 • 26 citations

INTERACTION BETWEEN THYROTROPHIN, CORTICOTROPHIN AND GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN MAN

1971 • 26 citations

Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on human plasma levels of TSH, GH and prolactin

1978 • 26 citations

The TSH-response to trh: a possible predictor of outcome to antidepressant and neuroleptic treatment

1983 • 26 citations

Melatonin and the Thyroid

1980 • 24 citations

Biomedical aspects of depression and its treatment

1983 • 24 citations

Administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone at weekly intervals results in a diminished thyrotropin response.

1984 • 23 citations

The TRH test in normal subjects: methodological considerations

1982 • 23 citations

A comparative study of the pituitary TSH response to thyrotropin in outpatient depressives

1984 • 22 citations

Elevation of the free thyroxine index in psychiatric patients

1982 • 20 citations

Chronic thyroxine treatment of rats down-regulates the noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system in cerebral cortex.

1985 • 20 citations

Nervous system role of iodocompounds in blood pressure regulation

1982 • 19 citations

INHIBITION OF THE NORADRENALINE‐INDUCED ADENYL CYCLASE STIMULATION BY AUGMENTED α‐ADRENERGIC RESPONSE IN SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM HYPOTHYROID SUBJECTS

1973 • 18 citations

Thyroid hormone regulation of adrenergic receptors and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the rat submandibular gland

1984 • 18 citations

Effect of amitriptyline on the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression

1985 • 17 citations

Free‐thyroxine index in psychotic and neurotic depression

1978 • 16 citations

Specificity of the TRH test for major depression in patients with serious cocaine abuse

1985 • 16 citations

The turnover of norepinephrine in the brain stems of dysthyroid rats

1972 • 15 citations

Serial dexamethasone suppression tests in psychiatric illness: Part II. A study in major depressive disorder

1986 • 15 citations

Drugs: Guide and caveats to explanatory and descriptive approaches—I. A critical evaluation of the current status of antidepressant drugs

1984 • 15 citations

Increased urinary excretion of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and decreased serum thyreotropic hormone (TSH) induced by motion sickness.

1978 • 14 citations

Free-thyroxine index in mania and depression

1978 • 14 citations

Effects of thyroid alterations and carbamazepine on cortical beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat

1988 • 11 citations

The TRG Test. Which is the best index of TSH release?.

1979 • 11 citations

Dexamethasone suppression test, TRH test and Newcastle II depression rating in the diagnosis of depressive disorders

1985 • 9 citations

The TRH stimulation test and reverse T3 in depression

1985 • 9 citations

THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS FOLLOWING SURGERY FOR THYROTOXICOSIS: THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE TESTS IN DIFFUSE THYROID HYPERPLASIA AND TOXIC UNINODULAR GOITRE

1977 • 9 citations

Central thyroid stimulation in severely ill depressed, manic and schizophrenic patients

1986 • 8 citations

Hormonal response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone following rest-activity reversal in normal men.

1984 • 6 citations

[Studies on the direct radioimmunological determination of triiodothyronine in serum (author's transl)].

1974 • 6 citations

[Effect of surgery on the level of total and free thyroid hormones, reverse T3 and TSH].

1982 • 5 citations

[Comparison of radioimmunological methods for the determination of basal serum TSH levels].

1981 • 5 citations

THE INFLUENCE OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THYROTROPIN AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN MAN AND RATS

1975 • 4 citations

Insufficient TSH Stimulation after Successful Treatment for Hyperthyroidism

1976 • 4 citations

TRH-INDUCED TSH RESPONSE IN ADDISON'S DISEASE

1975 • 3 citations