An overview of coupled ocean‐atmosphere models of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

Some simple solutions for heat‐induced tropical circulation

1980 • 3,934 citations

ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS FROM THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC¹

1969 • 3,304 citations

A Model El Ni&ntilde–Southern Oscillation

1987 • 1,635 citations

A Delayed Action Oscillator for ENSO

1988 • 920 citations

Interannual Variability in a Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean Model: Influence of the Basic State, Ocean Geometry and Nonlinearity

1989 • 853 citations

A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature

1966 • 750 citations

Modeling Tropical Convergence Based on the Moist Static Energy Budget

1987 • 729 citations

Experimental forecasts of El Niño

1986 • 688 citations

Vacillations in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

1988 • 565 citations

A Theory for El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

1985 • 516 citations

Dynamics and Thermodynamics of a Warming Event in a Coupled Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean Model

1988 • 448 citations

Ocean–atmosphere coupling over monsoon regions

1984 • 443 citations

A primitive equation, 3-dimensional model of the ocean

1984 • 403 citations

Unstable Air-Sea Interactions in the Tropics

1984 • 322 citations

Unstable and Damped Equatorial Modes in Simple Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models

1986 • 279 citations

The Slow Sea Surface Temperature Mode and the Fast-Wave Limit: Analytic Theory for Tropical Interannual Oscillations and Experiments in a Hybrid Coupled Model

1991 • 232 citations

A Study of Self-excited Oscillations of the Tropical Ocean–Atmosphere System. Part II: Nonlinear Cases

1991 • 225 citations

Modeling the Seasonal Dependence of the Atmospheric Response to Observed El Niños in 1962–76

1985 • 220 citations

The 30-40 Day Oscillations Simulated in an "Aqua Planet" Model

1986 • 213 citations

Impact of Indian monsoon on the coupled atmosphere/ocean system in the tropical pacific

1990 • 211 citations

El Niño, past and present

1989 • 203 citations

The El Niño Cycle: A Natural Oscillator of the Pacific Ocean—Atmosphere System

1988 • 202 citations

Time and Space Variability of Tropical Pacific Wind Stress

1981 • 196 citations

Simulation of the Seasonal Cycle of the Tropical Pacific Ocean

1987 • 185 citations

Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models

1985 • 170 citations

A Model of Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

1983 • 144 citations

Slowly Propagating Disturbances in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model

1985 • 135 citations

On the Prediction of the El Niño of 1986-1987

1988 • 125 citations

Studies of moisture effects in simple atmospheric models: The stable case

1982 • 120 citations

A Hybrid Coupled General Circulation Model for El Niño Studies

1990 • 115 citations

On the Intepretation of the Gill Model

1989 • 113 citations

On the Dynamics of Intraseasonal Oscillations and ENSO

1988 • 107 citations

A Study of Self-Excited Oscillations of the Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System. Part I: Linear Analysis

1990 • 101 citations

Slow Instabilities in Tropical Ocean Basin–Global Atmosphere Models

1988 • 100 citations

Tropical Ocean Circulation Experiments

1987 • 74 citations

Seasonal Cycle Forcing of El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a Global, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM

1990 • 72 citations

A Simple Model of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

1984 • 70 citations

Conceptual models of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

1988 • 69 citations

An investigation of short‐range climate predictability in the tropical Pacific

1991 • 68 citations

A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El Niño events using a high resolution general circulation model. I: Influence of model climatology

1986 • 66 citations

The Response of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model to Wind Bursts

1988 • 66 citations

Oscillations in a Simple Equatorial Climate System

1981 • 64 citations

Chapter 37 Stability of a simple Air-Sea coupled model in the Tropics

1985 • 63 citations

Mechanisms of subsurface thermal structure and sea surface thermohaline variabilities in the southwestern tropical Pacific during 1975–85

1989 • 60 citations

Chapter 22 Elements of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere models for the Tropics

1985 • 56 citations

Experiments On Tropical Circulation With A Simple Moist Model

1987 • 49 citations

Effect of improved physical parameterizations on simulations of cloudiness and the Earth's radiation budget

1989 • 48 citations

A model simulation of the seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific Ocean using climatological and modeled surface forcing

1991 • 48 citations

Ocean Wave Dynamics and the Time Scale of ENSO

1990 • 42 citations

Tropical Atmosphere - Ocean Interaction and the EL Nino/southern Oscillation Phenomenon.

1984 • 35 citations

Intraseasonal and Interannual Oscillations in Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models

1990 • 35 citations

A simple ocean-atmosphere coupled model for the origin of a warm El Niño Southern Oscillation event

1989 • 33 citations

Two different simulations of the Southern Oscillation and El Niño with coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models

1989 • 30 citations

Interannual variability in the tropical pacific as simulated in coupled ocean-atmosphere models

1990 • 28 citations

Tropical-ocean-atmosphere interactions in a coupled model

1989 • 22 citations

On the Origin of a Model ENSO in the Western Pacific

1991 • 21 citations

Interannual oscillations in an ocean general circulation model coupled to a simple atmosphere model

1989 • 18 citations

On the Role of the Indian Ocean in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

1985 • 18 citations

Oscillations with Two Feedback Processes in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

1989 • 17 citations

GEOSAT sea level anomalies in the Western equatorial Pacific during the 1986-87 El Nino, elucidated as equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves

1989 • 15 citations

The Role of the Western Boundary in the ENSO Cycle: Experiments with Coupled Models

1990 • 14 citations

Chapter 12 Free Equatorial Instabilities in Simple Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Models

1985 • 13 citations

Stable and Unstable Air-Sea Interactions in the Equatorial Region

1986 • 11 citations

On the recent development of simple, coupled ocean-atmosphere models of ENSO

1986 • 8 citations

Intermediate models of intraseasonal and interannual waves in the tropics

1990 • 5 citations

Modelling intraseasonal and interannual variability in the tropics

1989 • 4 citations

A ten year climate simulation with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model

1988 • 4 citations

The birth and evolution of an eastward propagating air-sea coupled disturbance in an aqua-planet

1990 • 4 citations

Time Evolution of a Localized Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly in Coupled Air-sea Models

1989 • 2 citations