Measuring the time course of anticipatory anxiety using the fear‐potentiated startle reflex

Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex.

1990 • 2,071 citations

Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle response to an auditory stimulus.

1951 • 649 citations

The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction

1992 • 643 citations

The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion?

1988 • 553 citations

Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm.

1986 • 506 citations

The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion?

1988 • 456 citations

Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Humans: Effects of Anticipatory Anxiety on the Acoustic Blink Reflex

1991 • 454 citations

Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm.

1986 • 407 citations

Startle Reflex Modification: Emotion or Attention?

1990 • 399 citations

Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

1986 • 309 citations

Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

1991 • 299 citations

Involvement of the amygdala in learning and memory: A critical review, with emphasis on anatomical relations.

1985 • 291 citations

Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: Effects of different footshock or backshock intensities used in training.

1978 • 276 citations

Diazepam and flurazepam: Effects on conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm

1979 • 267 citations

Noradrenergic agonists and antagonists: Effects on conditioned fear as measured by the potentiated startle paradigm

1979 • 263 citations

Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

1986 • 261 citations

Neuroanatomical Correlates of Anticipatory Anxiety

1989 • 259 citations

A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: Anterograde and retrograde tracing studies.

1991 • 257 citations

Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

1991 • 243 citations

Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock.

1989 • 233 citations

Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: Effects of different footshock or backshock intensities used in training.

1978 • 184 citations

The Neurophysiology of Memory

2000 • 174 citations

Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.

1989 • 171 citations

Fear imagery and the startle-probe reflex.

1990 • 163 citations

Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.

1989 • 142 citations

Fear imagery and the startle-probe reflex.

1990 • 133 citations

Early selective attention effects on cutaneous and acoustic blink reflexes

1983 • 107 citations

Cardiovascular psychophysiology

2000 • 100 citations

Human heart rate responses during experimentally induced anxiety.

1961 • 82 citations

Temporal factors and the cognitive mediators of stress reaction.

1970 • 77 citations

Temporal effects of conditioned fear on the eyelid reflex.

1958 • 73 citations

Cardiac Orienting and Startle Blink Modification in Novel and Signal Situations

1981 • 59 citations

Conditioned fear as a function of CS-UCS and probe stimulus intervals.

1961 • 58 citations

Great Expectations: Anticipatory Responses Of The Heart And Brain

1990 • 56 citations

CARDIAC ACTIVITY DURING EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANXIETY

1969 • 44 citations

Habituation of physiological responses in anxiety.

1980 • 44 citations

Minimal and maximal sensory intake and exercise as unconditioned stimuli in human heart-rate conditioning.

1968 • 35 citations

Human Heart Rate during Anxiety

1958 • 29 citations

Stimulus generalization of a classically conditioned response along a temporal dimension.

1967 • 28 citations

The Effects of Consent Procedures on the Psychophysiological Assessment of Anxiety: A Methodological Inquiry

1989 • 20 citations

Effect of a Secondary Reinforcement Stimulus on the Auditory Startle Response

1964 • 17 citations

HUMAN HEART RATE DURING ANXIETY

1958 • 9 citations

Calibration of Earphone‐Transmitted Sounds

1975 • 5 citations