Generative models for discovering sparse distributed representations

Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm

1977 • 46,601 citations

Learning representations by back-propagating errors

1986 • 25,825 citations

Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images

1984 • 17,865 citations

Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference

1988 • 17,362 citations

Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps

1982 • 9,014 citations

Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images

1996 • 5,674 citations

Adaptive Mixtures of Local Experts

1991 • 4,228 citations

Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation

1986 • 4,076 citations

Adaptive Rejection Sampling for Gibbs Sampling

1992 • 1,658 citations

BAYESIAN INFERENCE

1988 • 1,165 citations

The "Wake-Sleep" Algorithm for Unsupervised Neural Networks

1995 • 1,100 citations

Learning and Relearning in Boltzmann Machines

2001 • 1,056 citations

Feature Discovery by Competitive Learning*

1985 • 1,026 citations

Feature discovery by competitive learning

1985 • 907 citations

Unsupervised Learning

1989 • 876 citations

Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images

1987 • 819 citations

An analogue approach to the travelling salesman problem using an elastic net method

1987 • 805 citations

The Intelligent Eye

1970 • 770 citations

Understanding image intensities

1977 • 705 citations

Connectionist learning of belief networks

1992 • 549 citations

An Introduction to Latent Variable Models

1984 • 533 citations

Self-organizing neural network that discovers surfaces in random-dot stereograms

1992 • 489 citations

OPTIMAL PERCEPTUAL INFERENCE

1983 • 481 citations

Learning internal representations by back-propagating errors

1986 • 345 citations

Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems.

1994 • 151 citations

GTM: A principled alternative to the Self-Organizing Map

1996 • 141 citations

Unsupervised Learning by Convex and Conic Coding

1996 • 102 citations

Bayesian Unsupervised Learning of Higher Order Structure

1996 • 56 citations

Factor Analysis Using Delta-Rule Wake-Sleep Learning

1997 • 35 citations

Continuous Sigmoidal Belief Networks Trained using Slice Sampling

1996 • 30 citations