Chapter 4 European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain

Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory

1965 • 10,272 citations

Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art

2000 • 4,398 citations

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbar Spine in People without Back Pain

1994 • 2,325 citations

Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance

1995 • 2,250 citations

Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation.

1990 • 1,965 citations

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache

1999 • 1,600 citations

The Back Pain Revolution

2004 • 1,308 citations

Evaluation of Specific Stabilizing Exercise in the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain With Radiologic Diagnosis of Spondylolysis or Spondylolisthesis

1997 • 1,102 citations

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review

2001 • 953 citations

2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Lumbar Fusion Versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

2001 • 914 citations

Systematic Review of Psychosocial Factors at Work and Private Life as Risk Factors for Back Pain

2000 • 900 citations

What Can the History and Physical Examination Tell Us About Low Back Pain?

1992 • 897 citations

Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis

2003 • 872 citations

Epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy

1994 • 830 citations

Validation of an index of the quality of review articles

1991 • 794 citations

Vertebral osteomyelitis: assessment using MR.

1985 • 755 citations

Use of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 to Achieve Posterolateral Lumbar Spine Fusion in Humans

2002 • 693 citations

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using rhBMP-2 With Tapered Interbody Cages

2002 • 688 citations

Abnormal Magnetic-Resonance Scans of the Lumbar Spine in Asymptomatic Subjects

1990 • 683 citations

The Use of rhBMP-2 in Interbody Fusion Cages

2000 • 670 citations

Diagnostic Evaluation of Low Back Pain with Emphasis on Imaging

2002 • 669 citations

Low back pain: what is the long-term course? A review of studies of general patient populations

2003 • 648 citations

High-intensity zone: a diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging

1992 • 645 citations

Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms

2003 • 615 citations

Randomized Clinical Trial of Lumbar Instrumented Fusion and Cognitive Intervention and Exercises in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Disc Degeneration

2003 • 614 citations

Failing the Public Health — Rofecoxib, Merck, and the FDA

2004 • 598 citations

The Facet Syndrome

1976 • 595 citations

Epidural Corticosteroid Injections for Sciatica Due to Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

1997 • 583 citations

The Effect of Nerve-Root Injections on the Need for Operative Treatment of Lumbar Radicular Pain

2000 • 580 citations

Efficacy and Validity of Radiofrequency Neurotomy for Chronic Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Pain

2000 • 569 citations

A systematic review of low level laser therapy with location-specific doses for pain from chronic joint disorders

2003 • 568 citations

The Value of Medical History and Physical Examination in Diagnosing Sacroiliac Joint Pain

1996 • 557 citations

Randomized Trial of Radiofrequency Lumbar Facet Denervation for Chronic Low Back Pain

1999 • 548 citations

A Controlled Trial of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Exercise for Chronic Low Back Pain

1990 • 545 citations

A Controlled Trial of Corticosteroid Injections into Facet Joints for Chronic Low Back Pain

1991 • 538 citations

Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome or complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications

2004 • 522 citations

Chronic Low Back Pain and Fusion: A Comparison of Three Surgical Techniques

2002 • 512 citations

Spinal Radiographic Findings and Nonspecific Low Back Pain

1997 • 509 citations

Spinal Manipulation for Low-Back Pain

1992 • 509 citations

Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review

2000 • 499 citations

Randomised controlled trial to compare surgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine with an intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain: the MRC spine stabilisation trial

2005 • 495 citations

Measuring the Functional Status of Patients With Low Back Pain

1995 • 493 citations

Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2

2002 • 471 citations

Randomized Trial Comparing Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Therapeutic Massage, and Self-care Education for Chronic Low Back Pain

2001 • 451 citations

Combined physiotherapy and education is efficacious for chronic low back pain

2002 • 449 citations

Efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low-back pain and sciatica: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

1995 • 448 citations

Systematic review of topical capsaicin for the treatment of chronic pain

2004 • 448 citations

Behavioral Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

2001 • 440 citations

A Review of the Evidence for the Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost of Acupuncture, Massage Therapy, and Spinal Manipulation for Back Pain

2003 • 438 citations

The function of the erectores spinae muscles in certain movements and postures in man*

1955 • 433 citations

1997 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies

1997 • 416 citations

Systematic review of outpatient services for chronic pain control.

1997 • 416 citations

The Cochrane Review of Surgery for Lumbar Disc Prolapse and Degenerative Lumbar Spondylosis

1999 • 411 citations

Non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: risk factors

1999 • 407 citations

Lessons from a Trial of Acupuncture and Massage for Low Back Pain

2001 • 404 citations

Classification of Spondylolisis and Spondylolisthesis

1976 • 397 citations

Operant conditioning in the treatment of chronic pain

1975 • 394 citations

The false-positive rate of uncontrolled diagnostic blocks of the lumbar zygapophysial joints

1994 • 388 citations

The Role of Activity in the Therapeutic Management of Back Pain

2000 • 379 citations

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain

2008 • 375 citations

Spinal manipulative therapy for low-back pain

2004 • 367 citations

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal therapy for the treatment of discogenic low back pain

2004 • 350 citations

Radiofrequency Facet Joint Denervation in the Treatment of Low Back Pain

2001 • 341 citations

Prospective, Multicenter Study of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Relief of Chronic Back and Extremity Pain

1996 • 340 citations

Core stability exercise in chronic low back pain

2003 • 333 citations

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2007 • 331 citations

A Comparison of Osteopathic Spinal Manipulation with Standard Care for Patients with Low Back Pain

1999 • 330 citations

Lumbar High-Intensity Zone and Discography in Subjects Without Low Back Problems

2000 • 329 citations

Percutaneous radiofrequency denervation of spinal facets

1975 • 325 citations

Randomised controlled trial for evaluation of fitness programme for patients with chronic low back pain

1995 • 306 citations

Intradiscal Electrothermal Treatment for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain

2000 • 303 citations

Botulinum toxin A and chronic low back pain

2001 • 295 citations

Massage for Low-back Pain: A Systematic Review within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group

2002 • 282 citations

Combined exercise and motivation program: Effect on the compliance and level of disability of patients with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial

1998 • 282 citations

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

2003 • 276 citations

Spinal manipulation and mobilisation for back and neck pain: a blinded review.

1991 • 276 citations

Comparison of cognitive-behavioral group treatment and an alternative non-psychological treatment for chronic low back pain

1992 • 273 citations

Incident vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: a prospective study

2003 • 272 citations

Acupuncture for Back Pain

1998 • 271 citations

Risk Factors Associated With the Transition From Acute to Chronic Occupational Back Pain

2002 • 270 citations

Evidence-based data on pain relief with antidepressants

2000 • 267 citations

Systematic Review of Antidepressants in the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain

2003 • 267 citations

Complications in lumbar fusion surgery for chronic low back pain: comparison of three surgical techniques used in a prospective randomized study. A report from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group

2003 • 266 citations

Muscle relaxants for non-specific low-back pain

2003 • 265 citations

Annular tears and disk herniation: prevalence and contrast enhancement on MR images in the absence of low back pain or sciatica.

1998 • 264 citations

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of Trigger-Point Injection Therapy for Low-Back Pain

1989 • 263 citations

A Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Epidural Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sciatica

1995 • 263 citations

BACK PAIN AND SCIATICA: CONTROLLED TRIALS OF MANIPULATION, TRACTION, SCLEROSANT AND EPIDURAL INJECTIONS

1987 • 263 citations

The Test of Lasègue

2000 • 257 citations

Cancer as a cause of back pain

1988 • 256 citations

Capacity of the Clinical Picture to Characterize Low Back Pain Relieved by Facet Joint Anesthesia

1998 • 255 citations

Teasing apart quality and validity in systematic reviews: an example from acupuncture trials in chronic neck and back pain

2000 • 253 citations

Use of the surface EMG signal for performance evaluation of back muscles

1993 • 253 citations

Is there a right treatment for a particular patient group? Comparison of ordinary treatment, light multidisciplinary treatment, and extensive multidisciplinary treatment for long-term sick-listed employees with musculoskeletal pain

2002 • 252 citations

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICACY OF SACROILIAC CORTICOSTEROID INJECTIONS IN SPONDYLARTHROPATHIES: A DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

1996 • 252 citations

Treatment of Chronic Pain with Spinal Cord Stimulation versus Alternative Therapies: Cost-effectiveness Analysis

2002 • 252 citations

A randomized trial of a cognitive-behavioral program for enhancing back pain self care in a primary care setting

2000 • 251 citations

Lower Back Pain is Reduced and Range of Motion Increased After Massage Therapy

2001 • 250 citations

A Randomized Trial of a Lay Person-Led Self-Management Group Intervention for Back Pain Patients in Primary Care

1998 • 250 citations

Physiotherapy exercises and back pain: a blinded review.

1991 • 248 citations

Treatment of Chronic Lower Back Pain with Lumbar Extension and Whole-Body Vibration Exercise

2002 • 247 citations

Back schools for non-specific low-back pain.

2004 • 246 citations

Lumbar facet joint syndrome. A randomised clinical trial

1989 • 245 citations

Muscle Relaxants for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review Within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration

2003 • 244 citations

Sensory-motor control of the lower back: implications for rehabilitation

2001 • 242 citations

Acupuncture treatment of chronic low-back pain – a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 9-month follow-up

2002 • 238 citations

A NEW APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

1987 • 236 citations

The Prevalence of Spondylolysis in the Spanish Elite Athlete

2000 • 235 citations

Facet joint injection and facet nerve block: a randomised comparison in 86 patients with chronic low back pain

1992 • 235 citations

CLINICAL TRIAL OF INTENSIVE MUSCLE TRAINING FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

1988 • 232 citations

Controlled trial of Internet-based treatment with telephone support for chronic back pain

2004 • 228 citations

1989 Volvo Award in Clinical Sciences: Reproducibility of Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain

1989 • 227 citations

Pain-Related Fear, Lumbar Flexion, and Dynamic EMG Among Persons With Chronic Musculoskeletal Low Back Pain

2004 • 227 citations

Manual Therapy and Exercise Therapy in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

2003 • 226 citations

Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults: a metaanalysis of the accuracy of CT, MR, and myelography.

1992 • 224 citations

Twelve-Month Follow-Up of a Controlled Trial of Intradiscal Thermal Anuloplasty for Back Pain Due to Internal Disc Disruption

2000 • 223 citations

Does Early Intervention With a Light Mobilization Program Reduce Long-Term Sick Leave for Low Back Pain?

2000 • 216 citations

Efficacy of radiofrequency procedures for the treatment of spinal pain: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

2001 • 214 citations

A Randomized Trial of Combined Manipulation, Stabilizing Exercises, and Physician Consultation Compared to Physician Consultation Alone for Chronic Low Back Pain

2003 • 212 citations

Comparison of group progressive-relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for chronic low back pain.

1982 • 207 citations

Intensive Physical and Psychosocial Training Program for Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain; A Controlled Clinical Trial

1994 • 207 citations

Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of chronic low back pain.

2000 • 206 citations

Intensive dynamic back exercises for chronic low back pain: a clinical trial

1991 • 203 citations

Randomized Radiostereometric Study Comparing Osteogenic Protein-1 (BMP-7) and Autograft Bone in Human Noninstrumented Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion

2002 • 203 citations

Exploration of Physicians’ Recommendations for Activities in Chronic Low Back Pain

2000 • 203 citations

Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain – a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up

2002 • 201 citations

The secondary prevention of low back pain: a controlled study with follow-up

1989 • 200 citations

Five-Year Follow-Up Study of a Controlled Clinical Trial Using Light Mobilization and an Informative Approach to Low Back Pain

1998 • 199 citations

Efficacy of cognitive therapy for chronic low back pain

1993 • 198 citations

Comparison of operant behavioral and cognitive-behavioral group treatment for chronic low back pain.

1988 • 197 citations

ProDisc Artificial Total Lumbar Disc Replacement: Introduction and Early Results From the United States Clinical Trial

2003 • 196 citations

Circumferential Lumbar Spinal Fusion With Brantigan Cage Versus Posterolateral Fusion With Titanium Cotrel–Dubousset Instrumentation

2002 • 194 citations

Manipulative Therapy Versus Education Programs in Chronic Low Back Pain

1995 • 192 citations

Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study With Long-Term Follow-Up

2001 • 191 citations

Early prognosis for low back disability: intervention strategies for health care providers

2001 • 188 citations

Long-Term Functional Outcome of Pedicle Screw Instrumentation as a Support for Posterolateral Spinal Fusion

2002 • 184 citations

A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of nortriptyline for chronic low back pain

1998 • 183 citations

Tramadol/Acetaminophen combination tablets for the treatment of chronic lower back pain: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient study

2003 • 183 citations

Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty: Prospective evaluation of 0.9% NaCl versus 10% NaCl with or without hyaluronidase*1

1999 • 182 citations

What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain?

1992 • 182 citations

Prediction of return-to-work of low back pain patients sicklisted for 3–4 months

2000 • 182 citations

Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2004

2005 • 181 citations

Medication Use for Low Back Pain in Primary Care

1998 • 180 citations

Manipulation in treatment of low back pain: a multicentre study.

1975 • 180 citations

The value of SPECT scans in identifying back pain likely to benefit from facet joint injection

1996 • 178 citations

Efficacy of low power laser therapy and exercise on pain and functions in chronic low back pain

2003 • 177 citations

Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy in Brittany, France. Société de Rhumatologie de l'Ouest.

1999 • 176 citations

Effectiveness of massage therapy for subacute low-back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

2000 • 174 citations

Secondary Prevention of Work-Related Disability in Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Does Problem-Solving Therapy Help? A Randomized Clinical Trial

2003 • 174 citations

Effects of noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants on chronic low back pain intensity

1999 • 173 citations

Functional outcomes of low back pain: comparison of four treatment groups in a randomized controlled trial

1993 • 173 citations

Radiofrequency facet joint denervation in the treatment of low back pain : a prospective controlled doubleblind study to assess its efficacy

1994 • 169 citations

Lumbar epidural perineural injection: a new technique

1997 • 168 citations

MULTICENTRE TRIAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SCIATIC SYMPTOMS

1981 • 168 citations

Neurological complications of lumbar artificial disc replacement and comparison of clinical results with those related to lumbar arthrodesis in the literature: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized investigational device exemption study of Charité intervertebral disc

2004 • 167 citations

Clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint

2000 • 167 citations

Effectiveness of behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain: A component analysis.

1990 • 167 citations

Stabilizing training compared with manual treatment in sub-acute and chronic low-back pain

2003 • 167 citations

Physical Therapy Treatment Choices for Musculoskeletal Impairments

1997 • 164 citations

Efficacy of periarticular corticosteroid treatment of the sacroiliac joint in non-spondylarthropathic patients with chronic low back pain in the region of the sacroiliac joint.

2002 • 164 citations

Are chiropractic tests for the lumbo-pelvic spine reliable and valid? A systematic critical literature review

2000 • 163 citations

A Prospective Randomized Three-Week Trial of Spinal Manipulation, Transcutaneous Muscle Stimulation, Massage and Corset in the Treatment of Subacute Low Back Pain

1994 • 162 citations

A meta-analysis of clinical trials of spinal manipulation.

1992 • 162 citations

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic low-back pain

2000 • 160 citations

Operant-behavioural and cognitive-behavioural treatment for chronic low back pain

1991 • 159 citations

A fitness programme for patients with chronic low back pain: 2-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

1998 • 157 citations

The efficacy of back schools: A review of randomized clinical trials

1994 • 157 citations

Effects of Functional Restoration Versus 3 Hours per Week Physical Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Study

2004 • 154 citations

Complications associated with epidural steroid injections.

1996 • 152 citations

The Short- and Long-Term Benefit in Chronic Low Back Pain Through Adjuvant Electrical Versus Manual Auricular Acupuncture

2004 • 151 citations

Normality and reliability in the clinical assessment of backache.

1982 • 149 citations

Prospective Outcome Evaluation of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Intractable Leg Pain

1996 • 149 citations

Lumbar Zygapophysial (Facet) Joint Injections

1995 • 149 citations

Low Back Pain: Influence of Early MR Imaging or CT on Treatment and Outcome—Multicenter Randomized Trial

2004 • 149 citations

Doxepin effects on chronic pain, depression and plasma opioids.

1982 • 148 citations

Tramadol/acetaminophen combination tablets and codeine/acetaminophen combination capsules for the management of chronic pain: a comparative trial

2001 • 147 citations

Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain

1999 • 147 citations

Lumbar Supports for Prevention and Treatment of Low Back Pain

2001 • 146 citations

Educational and Behavioral Interventions for Back Pain in Primary Care

1996 • 146 citations

Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty

2003 • 146 citations

Exercises: Which Ones Are Worth Trying, for Which Patients, and When?

1996 • 145 citations

Morphine responsiveness, efficacy and tolerability in patients with chronic non-tumor associated pain – results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (MONTAS)

2002 • 144 citations

Quality of Primary Care Guidelines for Acute Low Back Pain

2004 • 143 citations

Multidisciplinary intensive treatment for chronic low back pain: a randomized, prospective study

1996 • 142 citations

Cost-Effectiveness of Lumbar Fusion and Nonsurgical Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain in the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial From the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group

2004 • 141 citations

Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain

2004 • 140 citations

Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus

1997 • 139 citations

The reliability of multitest regimens with sacroiliac pain provocation tests

2002 • 139 citations

A Controlled, Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Back School in the Relief of Chronic Low Back Pain

1986 • 138 citations

Trunk exercise combined with spinal manipulative or NSAID therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized, observer-blinded clinical trial.

1996 • 138 citations

Laser therapy: A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of low-intensity Nd:YAG laser irradiation on musculoskeletal back pain

1999 • 138 citations

A Randomized Trial of Medical Care With and Without Physical Therapy and Chiropractic Care With and Without Physical Modalities for Patients With Low Back Pain: 6-Month Follow-Up Outcomes From the UCLA Low Back Pain Study

2002 • 137 citations

A Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Dextrose-Glycerine-Phenol Injections for Chronic, Low Back Pain

1993 • 137 citations

Acupuncture for chronic low back pain in older patients: a randomized, controlled trial

2003 • 137 citations

Intertester reliability of judgments of the presence of trigger points in patients with low back pain.

1992 • 136 citations

CONTROLLED COMPARISON OF SHORT-WAVE DIATHERMY TREATMENT WITH OSTEOPATHIC TREATMENT IN NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN

1985 • 136 citations

Interrater Reliability of Lumbar Accessory Motion Mobility Testing

1995 • 136 citations

Efficacy and Safety of Controlled-Release Versus Immediate-Release Oxycodone: Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Back Pain

1999 • 136 citations

A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using a Titanium Cylindrical Threaded Fusion Device

2004 • 135 citations

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain

1983 • 134 citations

Efficacy of the Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain

2002 • 133 citations

Chronic spinal pain syndromes: A clinical pilot trial comparing acupuncture, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and spinal manipulation

1999 • 132 citations

A prospective, randomized 5-year follow-up study of functional restoration in chronic low back pain patients

1998 • 132 citations

Low-energy laser treatment and exercise for chronic low back pain: double-blind controlled trial.

1990 • 130 citations

Trunk Muscle Strength, Cross-sectional Area, and Density in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain Randomized to Lumbar Fusion or Cognitive Intervention and Exercises

2003 • 130 citations

SB Charité Disc Replacement

2003 • 129 citations

Incorporation of cognitive-behavioral treatment into the medical care of chronic low back patients: a controlled randomized study in German pain treatment centers

1997 • 128 citations

Effectiveness of Four Conservative Treatments for Subacute Low Back Pain

2002 • 128 citations

A randomized comparative trial of acupuncture versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic back pain in the elderly

1999 • 128 citations

Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Trial

1995 • 127 citations

A Randomized-Control Study of Active and Passive Treatments for Chronic Low Back Pain Following L5 Laminectomy

1994 • 126 citations

Active treatment programs for patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective, randomized, observer-blinded study

1995 • 124 citations

Physical Conditioning Programs for Workers With Back and Neck Pain: A Cochrane Systematic Review

2003 • 123 citations

The Efficacy of Newer Antidepressants in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Review of Current Literature

2000 • 123 citations

The Functional Restoration Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Patients with Soft Tissue and Back Injuries

1994 • 121 citations

Total disc replacement for chronic low back pain: background and a systematic review of the literature

2003 • 121 citations

The effectiveness of psychological interventions for the rehabilitation of low back pain: a randomized controlled trial evaluation

1992 • 121 citations

Efficacy of various forms of conservative treatment in low back pain: a comparative study

1988 • 120 citations

Exercise reduces sick leave in patients with non-acute non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis

2004 • 120 citations

Randomized Trial Comparing Interferential Therapy With Motorized Lumbar Traction and Massage in the Management of Low Back Pain in a Primary Care Setting

1999 • 119 citations

Spinal Cord Stimulation Versus Reoperation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: a Prospective, Randomized Study Design

1995 • 119 citations

Side effects of chiropractic treatment: a prospective study.

1997 • 118 citations

Variation in diagnosis and treatment of chronic low back pain by traditional Chinese medicine acupuncturists

2001 • 117 citations

Interexaminer reliability of eight evaluative dimensions of lumbar segmental abnormality: Part II.

1993 • 117 citations

Comparison of three intensive programs for chronic low back pain patients: a prospective, randomized, observer-blinded study with one-year follow-up

1997 • 115 citations

Treatment of chronic low back pain with etoricoxib, a new cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor: improvement in pain and disability—a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-month trial

2003 • 114 citations

Interobserver Reliability of Detecting Lumbar Intervertebral Disc High-Intensity Zone on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Association of High-Intensity Zone With Pain and Anular Disruption

1998 • 112 citations

Electrophysiology of radiculopathies

2002 • 112 citations

Acupuncture for low-back pain

1999 • 111 citations

Functional Restoration versus Outpatient Physical Training in Chronic Low Back Pain

2000 • 110 citations

Multimodal cognitive behavioral treatment of patients sicklisted for musculoskeletal pain: A randomized controlled study

1998 • 107 citations

Does spinal manipulative therapy help people with chronic low back pain?

2002 • 107 citations

Efficacy of “therapist-selected” versus “randomly selected” mobilisation techniques for the treatment of low back pain: A randomised controlled trial

2003 • 106 citations

Etoricoxib reduced pain and disability and improved quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a 3 month, randomized, controlled trial

2004 • 105 citations

Return-to-Work Interventions for Low Back Pain

2002 • 104 citations

NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES ON NECK, SHOULDER AND LOW BACK PAIN: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY AMONG HOME-CARE PERSONNEL

2001 • 102 citations

Mini-Intervention for Subacute Low Back Pain

2004 • 102 citations

The Relationship Between Pain and Depression in a Trial Using Paroxetine in Sufferers of Chronic Low Back Pain

2000 • 102 citations

Risk Factors for Failure and Complications of Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy: A Pilot Study

2003 • 101 citations

INTENSIVE GROUP TRAINING VERSUS COGNITIVE INTERVENTION IN SUB-ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN: SHORT-TERM RESULTS OF A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2003 • 101 citations

Conservative Treatment of Acute and Chronic Nonspecific Low-back Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Most Common Interventions

2013 • 100 citations

Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride effect on skeletal muscle spasm in the lumbar region and neck: two double-blind controlled clinical and laboratory studies.

1978 • 100 citations

Controlled trial of imipramine for chronic low back pain.

1982 • 99 citations

Cervical Spine Disorders

1985 • 99 citations

A randomized double-blind pilot study comparing Doloteffin(R) and Vioxx(R) in the treatment of low back pain

2002 • 97 citations

Acupuncture in the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

2003 • 97 citations

Efficacy of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Programs and Back School for Patients With Low Back Pain: A Meta-analysis

1995 • 96 citations

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of trazodone hydrochloride in chronic low back pain syndrome.

1990 • 96 citations

The Swedish Back School.

1980 • 95 citations

Lumbar muscle fatigue and recovery in patients with long-term low-back trouble––electromyography and health-related factors

2003 • 94 citations

A prospective randomized study comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy

2000 • 94 citations

Spinal Manipulation

2001 • 94 citations

The effectiveness of chiropractic for treatment of low back pain: an update and attempt at statistical pooling.

1996 • 94 citations

Evaluation of a specific home exercise program for low back pain

2002 • 93 citations

A Systematic Review Within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group

2005 • 92 citations

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sclerosing injections in patients with chronic low back pain

1999 • 89 citations

NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES ON NECK, SHOULDER AND LOW BACK PAIN: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY AMONG HOME-CARE PERSONNEL

2001 • 89 citations

Interferential therapy electrode placement technique in acute low back pain: A preliminary investigation

2001 • 87 citations

Straight Leg Raising

1993 • 86 citations

Naproxen sodium, diflunisal, and placebo in the treatment of chronic back pain.

1982 • 86 citations

Tofranil in the treatment of low back pain.

1976 • 85 citations

Comparison of Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, and Saline for Trigger-Point Therapy

1981 • 85 citations

Prospective Investigations into the Safety of Spinal Manipulation

2001 • 84 citations

A randomized controlled clinical trial for low back pain treated by acupressure and physical therapy

2004 • 83 citations

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiofrequency Denervation of the Ramus Communicans Nerve for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain

2003 • 82 citations

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic low-back pain

2005 • 82 citations

Does Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy Denervate and Repair Experimentally Induced Posterolateral Annular Tears in an Animal Model?

2003 • 81 citations

Efficacy and tolerance of repeated oral doses of tolperisone hydrochloride in the treatment of painful reflex muscle spasm: results of a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind trial

1996 • 81 citations

Efficacy of Massage Therapy in Chronic Pain: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial

2003 • 81 citations

Economic analysis of complementary medicine: a systematic review

2000 • 81 citations

Spinal manipulation for low-back pain: a treatment package agreed by the UK chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy professional associations

2003 • 80 citations

Intra- and interobserver reliability of passive motion palpation of the lumbar spine.

1989 • 79 citations

''ACTIVE BACK SCHOOL'', PROPHYLACTIC MANAGEMENT FOR LOW BACK PAIN: THREE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL

2001 • 79 citations

Efficacy of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults

2003 • 77 citations

Nerve Root Sleeve Injections in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Comparison of Three Solutions

1999 • 76 citations

The Effect of Stimulus Frequency on the Analgesic Response to Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

1999 • 76 citations

Doxepin's effects on chronic pain and depression: a controlled study.

1984 • 76 citations

Exercise in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

2001 • 76 citations

Treatment of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

2001 • 75 citations

The efficacy of chiropractic manipulation for back pain: blinded review of relevant randomized clinical trials.

1992 • 75 citations

The IDET Procedure for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain

2004 • 75 citations

EMG Biofeedback Training, Relaxation Training, and Placebo for the Relief of Chronic Back Pain

1986 • 72 citations

Clinical Results with ProDisc: European Experience and U.S. Investigation Device Exemption Study

2003 • 72 citations

An Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of Posteroanterior Spinal Stiffness Judgments Made Using a Reference-Based Protocol

1998 • 71 citations

The effects of back schools???a meta-analysis

2001 • 70 citations

Effects of different treatment modalities on gait symmetry and clinical measures for sacroiliac joint patients.

1991 • 70 citations

Long-term effectiveness of bone-setting, light exercise therapy, and physiotherapy for prolonged back pain: A randomized controlled trial

2002 • 69 citations

Manipulative physiotherapists can reliably palpate nominated lumbar spinal levels

1999 • 68 citations

Chronic low back pain: a comparison of diflunisal with paracetamol.

1982 • 68 citations

Topical treatment of chronic low back pain with a capsicum plaster

2003 • 68 citations

The Clinical Significance of the High-Intensity Zone on Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1999 • 68 citations

EMG biofeedback used to reduce standing levels of paraspinal muscle tension in chronic low back pain

1983 • 67 citations

Low back pain in men receiving workmen's compensation.

1966 • 67 citations

LUMBAR TRACTION: A DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED STUDY FOR SCIATICA

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Comparison of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Long-Term Pain Relief in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

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Radiofrequency Lesioning Using Two Different Time Modalities for the Treatment of Lumbar Discogenic Pain: A Randomized Trial

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Capsicum Pain Plaster in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain

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Finding cancer in primary care outpatients with low back pain

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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic low back pain

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Segmental Lumbar Spine Instability at Flexion–Extension Radiography can be Predicted by Conventional Radiography

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Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis

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Experimental Design of Total Disk Replacement—Experience with a Prospective Randomized Study of the SB Charitè

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Etiology and evaluation of the failed back surgery syndrome

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Congruence between Decisions To Initiate Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain and Appropriateness Criteria in North America

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Influence of Imaging on Clinical Decision Making in the Treatment of Lower Back Pain

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Does gabapentin have an analgesic effect on background, movement and referred pain? A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study

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Facet joint pain and the role of neural blockade in its management

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Does folk medicine work? A randomized clinical trial on patients with prolonged back pain

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The False-Positive Rate of Uncontrolled Diagnostic Blocks of the Lumbar Zygapophysial Joints

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Chiropractic technique procedures for specific low back conditions: Characterizing the literature

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Lumbosacral epidural steroid injections

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Physiotherapy exercises for low back pain: Process and clinical outcome

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Temperature and Thermal Dose Distributions During Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy in the Cadaveric Lumbar Spine

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One Versus Two BAK Fusion Cages in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion to L4–L5 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

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Antidepressants in concomitant chronic back pain and depression: doxepin and desipramine compared.

1984 • 48 citations

Double-blind parallel study of piroxicam versus indomethacin in the treatment of low back pain.

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A randomized trial of fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in musculo-skeletal pain.

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Clinical efficacy of imaging modalities in the diagnosis of low-back pain disorders

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Spondylolisthesis and Tight Hamstrings

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Temperatures Within the Lumbar Disc and Endplates During Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy: Formulation of a Predictive Temperature Map in Relation to Distance From the Catheter

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Paraspinal denervation and the spinal degenerative cascade

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Does early imaging influence management and improve outcome in patients with low back pain? A pragmatic randomised controlled trial

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Epidemiology of spine tumors presenting to musculoskeletal physiatrists

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1992 • 40 citations

REPORT ON A COMPUTER-RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND CLINICAL TRIAL TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE GaAlAs (830 NM) DIODE LASER FOR PAIN ATTENUATION IN SELECTED PAIN GROUPS

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Rapid magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing cancer-related low back pain

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A back school in the Netherlands: Evaluating the results

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Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

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Efficiency of Acupuncture in Patients with Fibromyalgia

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Injection of Steroids and Local Anaesthetics as Therapy for Low-back Pain

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Low back pain in men receiving workmen's compensation: a follow-up study.

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Injection therapy for subacute and chronic benign low-back pain

2006 • 13 citations

Review of Acute and Chronic Pain Published Studies

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Medical History and Chronic Pain

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Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain: A Randomized Crossover Study

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A controlled study on the outcome of inpatient and outpatient treatment of low back pain. Part III. Long-term follow-up of pain, disability, and compliance

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Silver needle therapy for intractable low-back pain at tender point after removal of nucleus pulposus

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Acupuncture for Low Back Pain

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A controlled study on the outcome of inpatient and outpatient treatment of low back pain. Part IV. Long-term effects on physical measurements

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Use of Epidural Corticosteroids in Low Back Pain

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Low back pain, graded activity and return to work

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The Swedish back school in chronic low back pain. Part II. Factors predicting the outcome

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Silver needle therapy for intractable low-back pain at tender point after removal of nucleus pulposus

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1993 • 1 citations

(211) A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Rofecoxib in the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain

2001 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations