Exercise, Infection, and Immunity

Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey.

1981 • 1,898 citations

Psychological Stress and Susceptibility to the Common Cold

1991 • 1,679 citations

Corticosteroid‐Mediated Immunoregulation in Man

1982 • 902 citations

Effects of stress on the immune system

1990 • 666 citations

Infectious episodes in runners before and after the Los Angeles Marathon.

1990 • 530 citations

Acute inflammation

1991 • 470 citations

1990 McCollum Award Lecture. Nutrition and immunity: lessons from the past and new insights into the future

1991 • 434 citations

Ultramarathon running and upper respiratory tract infections. An epidemiological survey.

1983 • 348 citations

The Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Natural Killer Cells and Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

1990 • 336 citations

Vitamin C supplementation reduces the incidence of postrace symptoms of upper-respiratory-tract infection in ultramarathon runners

1993 • 280 citations

Immune parameters in athletes before and after strenuous exercise

1982 • 259 citations

Endogenous Pyrogen Activity in Human Plasma After Exercise

1983 • 256 citations

3 The Metabolic Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

1991 • 234 citations

Sudden Cardiac Death in Air Force Recruits

1986 • 221 citations

Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14

1991 • 217 citations

Enhanced release of cytokines, interleukin-2 receptors, and neopterin after long-distance running

1992 • 201 citations

Exercise, Training and Neutrophil Microbicidal Activity

1990 • 181 citations

Exercise and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections

1991 • 179 citations

AUGMENTATION OF THE VIRULENCE OF MURINE COXSACKIE-VIRUS B-3 MYOCARDIOPATHY BY EXERCISE

1970 • 178 citations

Effect of sport stress on lymphocyte transformation and antibody formation.

1978 • 173 citations

Decreased salivary immunoglobulins after intense interval exercise before and after training

1993 • 171 citations

Healthy lifestyles are associated with higher natural killer cell activity

1992 • 160 citations

Effect of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Proliferative Response

1994 • 158 citations

Acute Exercise and Immune Function

1992 • 153 citations

Overtraining Increases the Susceptibility to Infection

1991 • 147 citations

744 THE EFFECTS OF MODERATE EXERCISE TRAINING ON IMMUNE RESPONSE

1990 • 141 citations

Infectious episodes in runners before and after a roadrace.

1989 • 141 citations

Effects of Long-Endurance Running on Immune System Parameters and Lymphocyte Function in Experienced Marathoners

1989 • 139 citations

Reduction of saliva immunoglobulin levels by swim training

1990 • 139 citations

Influence of Physical Activity on the Cellular Immune System: Mechanisms of Action

1991 • 130 citations

The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins

1991 • 127 citations

Modulation of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Peripheral Blood by Physical Exercise

1988 • 126 citations

ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS

1950 • 125 citations

Physical Exercise Increases Natural Cellular-Mediated Tumor Cytotoxicity in Elderly Women

1989 • 122 citations

Exercise and blood lymphocyte subset responses: intensity, duration, and subject fitness effects

1990 • 122 citations

Natural Killer Cell Activity in Peripheral Blood of Highly Trained and Untrained Persons

1989 • 118 citations

The Effect of Exercise on Secretory and Natural Immunity

1987 • 118 citations

The effect of acute exercise on natural killer-cell activity of trained and sedentary human subjects

1985 • 115 citations

Circulating mononuclear cell numbers and function during intense exercise and recovery

1991 • 115 citations

Electroencephalographic sleep and natural killer activity in depressed patients and control subjects.

1992 • 115 citations

Plasma Elastase-α1-Antitrypsin, Neopterin, Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor After Prolonged Exercise*

1989 • 114 citations

Cell numbers and in vitro responses of leucocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations following maximal exercise and interval training sessions of different intensities

1992 • 112 citations

Indometacin In Vitro and In Vivo Abolishes Post-Exercise Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Peripheral Blood

1990 • 108 citations

Exercise in coxsackie B3 myocarditis: Effects on heart lymphocyte subpopulations and the inflammatory reaction

1989 • 104 citations

Effect of Physical Exercise on Some Parameters of Immunity in Conditioned Sportsmen

1987 • 104 citations

Exercise and resistance to infection

1993 • 102 citations

Viral Illnesses and Sports Performance

1986 • 100 citations

The Effects of Acute Moderate Exercise on Lymphocyte Function and Serum Immunoglobulin Levels

1991 • 95 citations

Effects of exercise stress on various immune functions in horses

1992 • 94 citations

The effects of acute moderate exercise on leukocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations

1991 • 94 citations

Chronic exercise enhances in vivo and in vitro cytotoxic mechanisms of natural immunity in mice

1993 • 93 citations

Complement and Immunoglobulin Levels in Athletes and Sedentary Controls

1989 • 93 citations

The effect of long endurance running on natural killer cells in marathoners.

1990 • 87 citations

SUSCEPTIBILITY AND IMMUNITY TO COMMON UPPER RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS—THE COMMON COLD

1960 • 85 citations

Immune function in marathon runners.

1981 • 84 citations

The effect of maximal exercise on the activity of neutrophil granulocytes in highly trained athletes in a moderate training period

1992 • 81 citations

Effect of Long-Distance Running on Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Phagocytic Function of the Upper Airways

1994 • 80 citations

Differential mobilization of leucocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations into the circulation during endurance exercise

1992 • 79 citations

Stimulation of the phagocytic function of neutrophils in sedentary men after acute moderate exercise

1993 • 78 citations

Lymphocyte proliferation responses after exercise in men: fitness, intensity, and duration effects

1991 • 76 citations

Circulating leucocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations before and after intensive endurance exercise to exhaustion

1991 • 75 citations

Human macrophage function and physical exercise: phagocytic and histochemical studies

1989 • 63 citations

Exercise Enhances Survival Rate in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhimurium

1984 • 63 citations

Transmission and control of rhinovirus colds

1987 • 57 citations

Effects of Exercise on Goxsackie A9 Myocarditis in Adult Mice.

1964 • 56 citations

Exercise and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

1992 • 56 citations

The role of T cell phenotypes in decreased lymphoproliferation of the elderly

1989 • 52 citations

Mechanisms of B-lymphocyte suppression induced by acute physical exercise.

1989 • 50 citations

Plasma Levels of Polymorphonuclear Elastase and Myeloperoxidase after Uphill Walking and Downhill Running at Similar Energy Cost

1992 • 50 citations

Triathlon competition induced a transient immunosuppressive change in the peripheral blood of athletes.

1993 • 50 citations

White blood cell response to uphill walking and downhill jogging at similar metabolic loads

1989 • 49 citations

Modification of exercise-aggravated coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis by T lymphocyte suppression in an inbred model.

1990 • 49 citations

The Effect of Chronic and Acute Exercise on Immunity in Rats

1993 • 47 citations

Stimulation of the phagocytic function in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages by physical activity stress

1992 • 47 citations

Age-related immunosenescence in Fischer 344 rats: influence of exercise training

1992 • 45 citations

Interferon and Neutralizing Antibody in Sera of Exercised Mice with Coxsackievirus B-3 Myocarditis

1976 • 44 citations

Activation of Leukocytes During Prolonged Physical Exercise

1988 • 42 citations

Does Fever or Myalgia Indicate Reduced Physical Performance Capacity in Viral Infections?

1985 • 41 citations

Study of the phagocytic process in neutrophils from elite sportswomen

1993 • 39 citations

Habitual Physical Activity, Strenuous Exercise, and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Levels in Young Adults: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study

1988 • 38 citations

Immune parameters of untrained or exercise-trained rats after exhaustive exercise

1989 • 38 citations

Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets associated with marathon running

1993 • 38 citations

EFFECT OF FATIGUE, CHILLING AND MECHANICAL TRAUMA ON RESISTANCE TO EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS123

1945 • 38 citations

The effect of exhaustive exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A.

1992 • 35 citations

Granulocyte margination in the human lung and its response to strenuous exercise

1992 • 35 citations

Acute intensive interval training and T-lymphocyte function

1992 • 33 citations

Physical Activity and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in a Normal Population of Young Men and Women: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study

1988 • 32 citations

Changes in blood cell response following strenuous physical exercise

1992 • 30 citations

A Prospective Study of Respiratory Infections in 12‐Year‐Old Children Actively Engaged in Sports

1987 • 29 citations

Illness and absence among wrestlers, swimmers, and gymnasts at a large university

1988 • 29 citations

Effects of swimming exercise on the pathogenesis of acute murine Toxoplasma gondii Me49 infection

1992 • 28 citations

The Immunological Status of Athletes

2015 • 27 citations

Medical Care of the US Olympic Team

1976 • 27 citations

Loss of form in young athletes due to viral infection.

1985 • 26 citations

Weight Reduction in Athletes May Adversely Affect the Phagocytic Function of Monocytes

1988 • 25 citations

Effects of virus infection on physical performance in man.

1985 • 25 citations

Effects of muscular activity upon the acute myocarditis of C3H mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

1965 • 24 citations

Effects of training on metabolic responses and performance capacity in Streptococcus pneumoniae infected rats

1991 • 23 citations

The effects of stressful exercise on leukocytes in cattle with experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis

1991 • 20 citations

Effect of physical exhaustion and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) on T-cells of trained rats

1993 • 20 citations

Exertional sudden death in soldiers

1991 • 19 citations

Ultrastructural Features of Skeletal Muscle in Mice after Physical Exercise: Its Relation to the Pathogenesis of Leucocyte Invasion

1989 • 18 citations

Incubation of Poliomyelitis as Calculated from the Time of Entry into the Central Nervous System via the Peripheral Nerve Pathways

1990 • 17 citations

Viruses and the athlete.

1989 • 17 citations

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR FATIGUE UPON RESISTANCE

1932 • 17 citations

Metabolic responses to swimming exercise in Streptococcus pneumoniae infected rats

1991 • 15 citations

Quantitative Buffy Coat Analysis Related to Adrenocortical Function in Horses During a Three‐Day Event Competition

1991 • 9 citations

THE RELATION BETWEEN FATIGUE AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RATS TOWARDS A TOXIN AND AN INFECTION

1922 • 8 citations

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SUPPOSED RELATION BETWEEN GOOD PHYSICAL CONDITION AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION*

1925 • 7 citations