The Early Faint Sun Paradox: Organic Shielding of Ultraviolet-Labile Greenhouse Gases

Bacterial evolution

1987 • 2,303 citations

The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans

1984 • 1,787 citations

The Carbon cycle and atmospheric CO[2] : natural variations Archean to present

1985 • 1,556 citations

Organic Compound Synthesis on the Primitive Earth

1959 • 1,338 citations

Evidence for life on Earth before 3,800 million years ago

1996 • 1,286 citations

Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: an inventory for the origins of life

1992 • 1,204 citations

Earth and Mars: Evolution of Atmospheres and Surface Temperatures

1972 • 896 citations

Optical constants from the far infrared to the x-ray region: Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Bi, C, and Al_2O_3

1975 • 829 citations

Solar interior structure and luminosity variations

1981 • 722 citations

Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars

1991 • 682 citations

Optical constants of organic tholins produced in a simulated Titanian atmosphere: From soft x-ray to microwave frequencies

1984 • 644 citations

The case for a wet, warm climate on early Mars

1987 • 558 citations

On the Gaseous Exchange of Ammonia between Leaves and the Environment: Determination of the Ammonia Compensation Point

1980 • 501 citations

Evolution of the atmosphere

1977 • 484 citations

Coastal geomorphology of the Martian northern plains

1993 • 479 citations

Water On Mars

1996 • 476 citations

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in nodular and bedded cherts

1976 • 474 citations

Models of the Earth's Core

1981 • 471 citations

Shape and clustering effects on the optical properties of amorphous carbon

1991 • 470 citations

Evaluated Kinetic and Photochemical Data for Atmospheric Chemistry: Supplement I CODATA Task Group on Chemical Kinetics

1982 • 466 citations

Nitrogen Fixation in Bacteria and Higher Plants

1975 • 449 citations

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago

1995 • 416 citations

The Proterozoic Biosphere

1992 • 394 citations

CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars

1991 • 389 citations

Theory of Energy-Balance Climate Models

1975 • 367 citations

Climatic Consequences of Very High Carbon Dioxide Levels in the Earth's Early Atmosphere

1986 • 362 citations

Mantle Redox Evolution and the Oxidation State of the Archean Atmosphere

1993 • 312 citations

Dynamical stability in the outer solar system and the delivery of short period comets

1993 • 310 citations

Enhanced CO2 greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity on early Earth

1979 • 298 citations

Optical constants of soot in hydrocarbon flames

1981 • 291 citations

Implications of Solar Evolution for the Earth's Early Atmosphere

1977 • 281 citations

CHEMICAL EVENTS ON THE PRIMITIVE EARTH

1966 • 267 citations

Early Mars: How Warm and How Wet?

1994 • 264 citations

Photochemistry of methane and the formation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in the Earth's early atmosphere

1986 • 251 citations

Ultraviolet selection pressure on the earliest organisms

1973 • 250 citations

The evolution of solar ultraviolet luminosity

1982 • 243 citations

Energy yields for hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde syntheses: The hcn and amino acid concentrations in the primitive ocean

1987 • 241 citations

Prebiotic ammonia from reduction of nitrite by iron (II) on the early Earth

1993 • 226 citations

Ultraviolet Solar Radiation Related to Mesospheric Processes

1971 • 225 citations

Ammonia photolysis and the greenhouse effect in the primordial atmosphere of the earth

1979 • 197 citations

The electrical and optical properties of amorphous carbon prepared by the glow discharge technique

1977 • 177 citations

Climatic change on the terrestrial planets

1979 • 175 citations

Ancient aqueous sedimentation on Mars

1991 • 174 citations

Chemical Investigation of Titan and Triton Tholins

1994 • 170 citations

Simultaneous observations of ammonia in the atmosphere and ocean

1988 • 169 citations

Comets and the Origin and Evolution of Life

2006 • 168 citations

Natural Vegetation as a Source or Sink for Atmospheric Ammonia: A Case Study

1992 • 159 citations

Sulfur, ultraviolet radiation, and the early evolution of life

1989 • 154 citations

Coloration and darkening of methane clathrate and other ices by charged particle irradiation: Applications to the outer solar system

1987 • 143 citations

Gaseous Nitrogen Compound Pollutants from Urban and Natural Sources

1970 • 142 citations

Stability of ammonia in the primitive terrestrial atmosphere

1982 • 126 citations

Production and Optical Constants of Ice Tholin from Charged Particle Irradiation of (1:6) C2H6/H2O at 77 K

1993 • 124 citations

Primordial Oil Slick

1971 • 121 citations

OXIDATION STATUS OF THE MANTLE: PAST AND PRESENT

1985 • 120 citations

Ammonium Ion Concentration in the Primitive Ocean

1968 • 114 citations

Helium-3 from the Mantle: Primordial Signal or Cosmic Dust?

1993 • 114 citations

Refractive indices for amorphous carbon

1984 • 110 citations

Bacterial activity in the warmer, sulphate-bearing, Archaean oceans

1987 • 110 citations

Hydrogen Loss from the Terrestrial Planets

1976 • 109 citations

Atmospheric ammonia from undisturbed land

1977 • 108 citations

Titan aerosols: Optical properties and vertical distribution

1980 • 97 citations

Impacts, Tillites, and the Breakup of Gondwanaland

1993 • 80 citations

Cloud Feedback: A Stabilizing Effect for the Early Earth?

1982 • 78 citations

Reducing greenhouses and the temperature history of Earth and Mars

1977 • 70 citations

Effects of increased CO2 concentrations on surface temperature of the early Earth

1983 • 70 citations

On vertical mixing in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere

1973 • 64 citations

Ammonia and ammonium fluxes between photolithotrophs and the environment in relation to the global nitrogen cycle

1992 • 62 citations

The Strecker Synthesis in the Primitive Ocean

1981 • 57 citations

Precambrian climate: The effects of land area and Earth's rotation rate

1993 • 55 citations

Atmospheric concentration of ammonia in Massachusetts and deposition on vegetation

1981 • 54 citations

Solid organic residues produced by irradiation of hydrocarbon-containing H2O and H2O/NH3 ices: Infrared spectroscopy and astronomical implications

1989 • 52 citations

Chemical evolution and ammonia in the early Earth's atmosphere

1980 • 50 citations

A comparison between mass-losing and standard solar models

1987 • 48 citations

The vertical distribution of tropospheric ammonia

1980 • 47 citations

Primitive atmosphere and implications for the formation of channels on Mars

1978 • 45 citations

Arc-evaporated carbon films: Optical properties and electron mean free paths

1985 • 45 citations

Carbon and energy yields in prebiotic syntheses using atmospheres containing CH4, CO and CO2

1984 • 42 citations

Early solar mass loss: A potential solution to the weak sun paradox

1991 • 42 citations

Geochemical evolution of the Northern Plains of Mars: Early hydrosphere, carbonate development, and present morphology

1990 • 40 citations

Sedimentation patterns in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, and the Pilbara Block, Australia: Evidence for Archean rifted continental margins

1982 • 35 citations

The Primitive Earth: Thermal Models of the Upper Atmosphere for a Methane-Dominated Environment

1969 • 33 citations

Our sun. II - Early mass loss of 0.1 solar mass and the case of the missing lithium

1991 • 33 citations

Clouds and the long-term stability of the Earth's atmosphere and climate

1979 • 31 citations

The Titan Haze Revisited: Magnetospheric Energy Sources and Quantitative Tholin Yields

1994 • 30 citations

The role of cometary particle Coalescence in chemical evolution

1989 • 30 citations

Far UV irradiation of model prebiotic atmospheres

1977 • 27 citations

Hot Hydrogen Atoms: Initiators of Reactions of Interest in Interstellar Chemistry and Evolution

1974 • 24 citations

Interstellar circular polarization and the dielectric nature of dust grains

1990 • 23 citations

The photochemistry of biogenic gases in the early and present atmosphere

1985 • 14 citations

The Ga II lines in the red spectrum of Ap stars

1993 • 11 citations