Nicotine: A Review of Its Role in Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular System

2000 • 2,962 citations

Coronary heart disease

1966 • 1,258 citations

A general cardiovascular risk profile: The Framingham study

1976 • 1,165 citations

Pharmacologic Aspects of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Addiction

1988 • 982 citations

Chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke

1968 • 724 citations

Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction and Therapeutics

1996 • 578 citations

Presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release in the brain: Facts and hypothesis

1984 • 576 citations

Cardiovascular Toxicity of Nicotine: Implications for Nicotine Replacement Therapy 11All editorial decisions for this article, including selection of referees, were made by a Guest Editor. This policy applies to all articles with authors from the University of California San Francisco.

1997 • 520 citations

Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method

1994 • 481 citations

Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Framingham Study

1987 • 472 citations

Blood pressure in smokers and nonsmokers: Epidemiologic findings

1986 • 417 citations

Biochemical evidence of a chronic abnormality in platelet and vascular function in healthy individuals who smoke cigarettes.

1987 • 392 citations

Neuroregulators and the reinforcement of smoking: Towards a biobehavioral explanation

1984 • 385 citations

Higher levels of nicotine in arterial than in venous blood after cigarette smoking

1993 • 374 citations

Lipid Solubility and Drug Penetration of the Blood Brain Barrier

1974 • 372 citations

Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine.

1994 • 360 citations

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN SMOKING HABITS AND DEATH RATES

1954 • 326 citations

PERINATAL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY1

1976 • 315 citations

Short and long-term effects of smoking on arterial wall properties in habitual smokers

1993 • 310 citations

The health consequences of smoking: Cardiovascular Diseases

1992 • 298 citations

Autoradiographic distribution of nicotine receptors in rat brain

1984 • 253 citations

Platelets and Thrombosis

1968 • 233 citations

Smoking: A Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion

1977 • 231 citations

Nicotine stimulates DNA synthesis and proliferation in vascular endothelial cells in vitro

1998 • 230 citations

Influence of nicotine on cardiovascular and hormonal effects of cigarette smoking

1984 • 210 citations

Coronary heart disease: Epidemiology of smoking and intervention studies of smoking

1988 • 199 citations

Nicotine effects on eicosanoid formation and hemostatic function: Comparison of transdermal nicotine and cigarette smoking

1993 • 199 citations

Smoking, Platelets and Thrombosis

1972 • 194 citations

Cigarette smoking renders LDL susceptible to peroxidative modification and enhanced metabolism by macrophages

1989 • 191 citations

The effects of nicotine on brain neurotransmitter systems

1982 • 191 citations

Intimal ultrastructure of human umbilical arteries. Observations on arteries from newborn children of smoking and nonsmoking mothers.

1975 • 185 citations

Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiovascular disease. A position paper from the Council on Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care, American Heart Association.

1992 • 176 citations

The Role of Nicotine in Smoking-Related Cardiovascular Disease

1997 • 164 citations

Nicotine is Chemotactic for Neutrophils and Enhances Neutrophil Responsiveness to Chemotactic Peptides

1984 • 157 citations

Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine on Serum Free Fatty Acids

1961 • 151 citations

Nicotine and smoking: a perspective from animal studies

1987 • 151 citations

Endothelial integrity and viability in the aorta of the normal rabbit and rat as evaluated with dye exclusion tests and interference contrast microscopy

1972 • 138 citations

The effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on platelet thrombus formation in stenosed dog coronary arteries: inhibition with phentolamine.

1982 • 129 citations

Statistical analysis of clinical risk factors for coronary artery spasm: Identification of the most important determinant

1992 • 129 citations

Evidence for urinary excretion of glucuronide conjugates of nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in smokers.

1992 • 128 citations

Autoradiographic localization of [3H]nicotine binding sites in the rat brain

1985 • 121 citations

SMOKING AND THE HEART

1974 • 118 citations

Cellular proliferation in atherosclerosis and hypertension

1984 • 116 citations

Increased frequency of restenosis in patients continuing to smoke cigarettes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

1988 • 115 citations

Effects of chronic oral consumption of nicotine on the rabbit aortic endothelium.

1981 • 110 citations

SMOKING AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

2000 • 103 citations

Aortic endothelial cell morphology observed in situ by scanning electron microscopy during atherogenesis in the rabbit

1977 • 96 citations

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF NICOTINE*

1960 • 95 citations

Heart Rate and Carbon Monoxide Level After Smoking High-, Low-, and Non-Nicotine Cigarettes

1971 • 95 citations

Reinfarction after thrombölytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction followed by conservative management: Incidence and effect of smoking

1990 • 94 citations

Nicotine-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation is mediated through bFGF and TGF-β1

2000 • 88 citations

Skin blood flow reduction induced by cigarette smoking: role of vasopressin

1984 • 86 citations

Physiological disposition and fate of C14-labelled nicotine in mice and rats.

1962 • 80 citations

Cigarette smoking: profiles of throm☐ane- and prostacyclin-derived products in human urine

1989 • 77 citations

Nicotine and its metabolite cotinine are mitogenic for human vascular smooth muscle cells

1997 • 77 citations

Hemodynamic Effects of Smoking Cigarettes of High and Low Nicotine Content

1978 • 72 citations

Smoking and arterial disease

1981 • 66 citations

Effect of cigarette smoking upon in vivo platelet function in man

1978 • 66 citations

Clinical and pathophysiological effects of active and passive smoking on the cardiovascular system.

1998 • 66 citations

Deficient C-oxidation of nicotine*

1995 • 63 citations

Oral Nicotine Induces an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile

1986 • 60 citations

Effect of nicotine on coronary blood‐flow in man

1985 • 60 citations

AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING FOR EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LIFESTYLE, HYPERTENSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

1995 • 58 citations

Effect of dose on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous nicotine in the rat.

1977 • 57 citations

SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HUMAN ARTERIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING

1979 • 50 citations

Basal endothelial attachment. Tenacity at cytoplasmic dense zones in the rabbit aorta.

1970 • 46 citations

Origins of human atherosclerotic plaques. The role of altered gene expression.

1988 • 44 citations

Effects of nicotine on phenotypic modulation and initiation of DNA synthesis in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells

1986 • 43 citations

Cigarette Smoking and Blood Lipids

1964 • 42 citations

The importance of sensory nerve endings as sites of drug action

1975 • 41 citations

Nicotine does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentrations in healthy men

1989 • 40 citations

Role of endothelial integrity in atherosclerosis.

1980 • 40 citations

Effects of Nicotine on Platelet Function

1988 • 38 citations

Tobacco's impact on twentieth-century U.S. mortality patterns.

1985 • 36 citations

Human tetranectin: Methodological and clinical studies

1998 • 35 citations

Nicotine inhibits vascular prostacyclin but not platelet thromboxane formation

1983 • 34 citations

Cigarette smoking during coronary angiography: Diffuse or focal narrowing (spasm) of the coronary arteries in 13 patients with angina at rest and normal coronary angiograms

1986 • 33 citations

Quantitation of the relationship between aortic endothelial intercellular cleft morphology and permeability to albumin

1986 • 30 citations

Focal “Spontaneous” Alterations and Loss of Endothelial Cells in Rabbit Aorta

1978 • 29 citations

Platelet adhesion to subendothelial components in experimental aortic injury. Role of fine fibrils and basement membrane.

1970 • 28 citations

Acute effects of low dose nicotine gum on platelet function in non-smoking hypertensive and normotensive men

1995 • 28 citations

The effect of nicotine on dietary atherogenesis in rabbits

1969 • 26 citations

Effect of chronic nicotine delivery on the proliferation rate of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in experimentally induced vascular wall plaques

1994 • 26 citations

Smoking and occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Clinical review.

1991 • 26 citations

Active Transport of Nicotine by the Isolated Choroid Plexus In Vitro

1982 • 26 citations

Nicotine and Smoking

1981 • 26 citations

Fatty acids and the initial events of endothelial damage seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy

1978 • 25 citations

The effect of nicotine on cultured cells of vascular origin

1985 • 24 citations

Pharmacology of Nicotine

1998 • 21 citations

Effects of nicotine on production of endothelin and eicosanoid by bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells

1994 • 20 citations

Blood Pressure, Cigarette Smoking and Heart Attack in the WHO Co-operative Trial of Clofibrate

1989 • 19 citations

Effects of cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide and nicotine on the uptake of fibrinogen by the canine arterial wall

1989 • 18 citations

FOCAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL INJURY IN RABBIT AORTA, AGGRAVATION OF INJURY BY 2 DAYS OF CHOLESTEROL FEEDING

1979 • 18 citations

Quantitative studies of pinocytosis by arterial endothellal and smooth muscle cells in culture

1981 • 17 citations

Protein kinase A regulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors and subunit messenger ribonucleic acids in PC 12 cells.

1994 • 16 citations

Effects of Nicotine on Myocardial Metabolism and Performance in Dogs

1973 • 14 citations

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HUMAN UMBILICAL ARTERIES FROM NEWBORN CHILDREN OF SMOKING AND NON‐SMOKING MOTHERS

1982 • 13 citations

Acute Effects of Nicotine Infusion on Platelets in Nicotine Users with Normal and Impaired Renal Function

2000 • 11 citations

Regional Renal and Splanchnic Blood Flows during Nicotine Infusion: Effects of Beta Adrenergic Blockade

1981 • 11 citations

Study on the onset of atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries.

1979 • 8 citations

Endothelial cells exposed to nicotine act as a chemoattractant for vascular smooth cell migration

2000 • 1 citations