The Contribution of Social Factors to the Development of Schizophrenia: A Review of Recent Findings

The environment and disease: association or causation?

2015 • 7,281 citations

The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?

1965 • 6,436 citations

A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis

2001 • 1,439 citations

Schizophrenia and Migration: A Meta-Analysis and Review

2004 • 1,197 citations

Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence

2004 • 895 citations

Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population?

2000 • 883 citations

Schizophrenia genesis: the origins of madness

1991 • 876 citations

Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences

2003 • 747 citations

Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases

1999 • 713 citations

Social dominance in monkeys: dopamine D2 receptors and cocaine self-administration

2002 • 651 citations

Evidence of a Dose-Response Relationship Between Urbanicity During Upbringing and Schizophrenia Risk

2001 • 590 citations

Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

1999 • 570 citations

Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population

2004 • 551 citations

Prevalence of Psychotic Disorder and Community Level of Psychotic Symptoms

2001 • 548 citations

Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis

2002 • 547 citations

Schizophrenia and Urbanicity: A Major Environmental Influence--Conditional on Genetic Risk

2005 • 535 citations

Psychosis, victimisation and childhood disadvantage

2004 • 533 citations

Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health

2004 • 526 citations

Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia

1995 • 511 citations

Heterogeneity in Incidence Rates of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Syndromes

2006 • 507 citations

Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study

2006 • 506 citations

Incidence of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities in London: ecological study into interactions with environment

2001 • 499 citations

Social defeat stress selectively alters mesocorticolimbic dopamine release: an in vivo microdialysis study

1996 • 490 citations

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia: Following a trail of evidence from cradle to grave

2000 • 470 citations

The Environment and Schizophrenia: The Role of Cannabis Use

2005 • 434 citations

The Stress Cascade and Schizophrenia: Etiology and Onset

2003 • 425 citations

Urbanisation and incidence of psychosis and depression

2004 • 398 citations

Genotype–environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder

2004 • 379 citations

Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness

2006 • 337 citations

Repeated social-defeat stress, cocaine or morphine

2001 • 317 citations

Discrimination and delusional ideation

2003 • 293 citations

Understanding the excess of psychosis among the African-Caribbean population in England

2001 • 286 citations

Urbanization and psychosis: a study of 1942–1978 birth cohorts in The Netherlands

1998 • 284 citations

Incidence of psychotic disorders in immigrant groups to the Netherlands

2001 • 276 citations

Occurrence of hallucinatory experiences in a community sample and ethnic variations

2002 • 245 citations

Social Adversity in Childhood and the Risk of Developing Psychosis: A National Cohort Study

2005 • 240 citations

Racism, psychosis and common mental disorder among ethnic minority groups in England

2005 • 231 citations

Neighbourhood variation in incidence of schizophrenia

2000 • 211 citations

What causes the onset of psychosis?

2005 • 209 citations

Migration as a risk factor for schizophrenia: A Danish population-based cohort study

2003 • 197 citations

Psychotic-like experiences in the general community: the correlates of CIDI psychosis screen items in an Australian sample

2005 • 192 citations

Parental socio-economic status and risk of first admission with schizophrenia

2004 • 183 citations

Do Urbanicity and Familial Liability Coparticipate in Causing Psychosis?

2003 • 179 citations

Family history, place and season of birth as risk factors for schizophrenia in Denmark: A replication and reanalysis

2001 • 175 citations

First-Contact Incidence Rates of Schizophrenia in Trinidad and One-Year Follow-up

1996 • 166 citations

Association between schizophrenia and social inequality at birth: case–control study

2001 • 155 citations

Social environment, ethnicity and schizophrenia

2002 • 144 citations

First-contact incidence rate of schizophrenia on Barbados

1999 • 141 citations

Social adversity contributes to high morbidity in psychoses in immigrants – a national cohort study in two generations of Swedish residents

2004 • 134 citations

Environment and Schizophrenia: Review: The Wider Social Environment and Schizophrenia

2005 • 133 citations

Morbid Risk of Schizophrenia in First-Degree Relatives of White and African–Caribbean Patients with Psychosis

1996 • 132 citations

The association of inequality with the incidence of schizophrenia

2004 • 102 citations

Psychiatric morbidity of West Indian immigrants

1967 • 100 citations

Social isolation after a single defeat reduces striatal dopamine transporter binding in rats

2001 • 97 citations

Association between psychotic disorder and urban place of birth is not mediated by obstetric complications or childhood socio-economic position: a cohort study

2003 • 85 citations

Schizophrenia in the Afro-Caribbean Community

1994 • 84 citations

Are the Cause(s) Responsible for Urban-Rural Differences in Schizophrenia Risk Rooted in Families or in Individuals?

2006 • 80 citations

Ethnic density and psychiatric hospitalization: hazards of minority status

1979 • 76 citations

Regional variation in the incidence of schizophrenia in Finland: a study of birth cohorts born from 1950 to 1969

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Increased risk of psychotic disorder among immigrants in Malmö: a 3-year first-contact study

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Life events, ethnicity and perceptions of discrimination in patients with severe mental illness

1999 • 67 citations

Ethnicity, class and schizotypy

1999 • 64 citations

Can the social environment cause schizophrenia?

2003 • 60 citations

Urbanization and traffic related exposures as risk factors for Schizophrenia

2006 • 52 citations

Use of illicit substances in a psychosis incidence cohort: a comparison among different ethnic groups in the Netherlands

2002 • 49 citations

No evidence of time trends in the urban–rural differences in schizophrenia risk among five million people born in Denmark from 1910 to 1986

2005 • 44 citations

Urban birth and migrant status as risk factors for psychosis: an Australian case-control study

2001 • 40 citations

First-contact incidence of schizophrenia in Surinam

2005 • 37 citations

Illicit drug abuse in second-generation immigrants: a register study in a national cohort of Swedish residents

2004 • 36 citations

MENTAL DISEASE AMONG NATIVE AND FOREIGN-BORN WHITES IN NEW YORK STATE, 1949-1951.

1964 • 27 citations

Associations between childhood living circumstances and schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study

2001 • 27 citations

Urban–Rural Differences in the Risk for Schizophrenia

2000 • 27 citations

Prevalence of delusional ideation in a district in southwestern Uganda

2004 • 26 citations

Migration and mental health — a comparative study

1980 • 25 citations

Heterogeneity in Incidence Rates of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Syndromes

2006 • 24 citations

Migration, family dysfunction and psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents

2005 • 23 citations

The Influence of Age and Gender on Drug Use in the United Kingdom—A Review

2006 • 21 citations

Mental disease among the native and foreign-born white populations of New York State, 1939-1941.

1955 • 21 citations

Household crowding in early adulthood and schizophrenia are unrelated in Denmark: a nested case–control study

2001 • 20 citations

Schizophrenia and migration

2004 • 18 citations

Social Factors and First Onset Schizophrenia Among Asians and Whites

1999 • 11 citations

Mental Disease in New York State According to Nativity and Parentage.

1935 • 9 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations