Gating currents and charge movements in excitable membranes

A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve

1952 • 21,965 citations

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

1975 • 7,212 citations

Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo

1952 • 2,384 citations

The membrane actions of anesthetics and tranquilizers.

1972 • 2,194 citations

Proteins, amino acids and peptides

1943 • 2,189 citations

The action of calcium on the electrical properties of squid axons

1957 • 1,853 citations

Local anesthetics: hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction.

1977 • 1,746 citations

Formation of Bimolecular Membranes from Lipid Monolayers and a Study of Their Electrical Properties

1972 • 1,746 citations

Measurement of current‐voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo

1952 • 1,655 citations

The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo

1952 • 1,551 citations

Inactivation of the sodium channel. I. Sodium current experiments.

1977 • 1,509 citations

Reconstitution of Cell Membrane Structure in vitro and its Transformation into an Excitable System

1962 • 1,380 citations

Voltage Dependent Charge Movement in Skeletal Muscle: a Possible Step in Excitation–Contraction Coupling

1973 • 978 citations

Inactivation of the sodium channel. II. Gating current experiments.

1977 • 943 citations

Inside-outside transitions of phospholipids in vesicle membranes

1971 • 942 citations

Charge Movement Associated with the Opening and Closing of the Activation Gates of the Na Channels

1974 • 746 citations

THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND TRANSVERSE TUBULES OF THE FROG'S SARTORIUS

1965 • 675 citations

Currents Related to Movement of the Gating Particles of the Sodium Channels

1973 • 664 citations

The Inhibition of Sodium Currents in Myelinated Nerve by Quaternary Derivatives of Lidocaine

1973 • 660 citations

A quantitative description of end‐plate currents

1972 • 625 citations

Destruction of Sodium Conductance Inactivation in Squid Axons Perfused with Pronase

1973 • 540 citations

Potassium contractures in single muscle fibres

1960 • 533 citations

Voltage clamp experiments in striated muscle fibres

1970 • 522 citations

The kinetics and rectifier properties of the slow potassium current in cardiac Purkinje fibres

1968 • 488 citations

Membranes and ion transport

1970 • 484 citations

Pharmacological Modifications of the Sodium Channels of Frog Nerve

1968 • 479 citations

Inactivation of the Potassium Conductance and Related Phenomena Caused by Quaternary Ammonium Ion Injection in Squid Axons

1969 • 427 citations

Kinetics and steady‐state properties of the charged system controlling sodium conductance in the squid giant axon

1974 • 420 citations

STUDIES OF THE TRIAD

1970 • 413 citations

Voltage clamp experiments on internally perfused giant axons.

1965 • 400 citations

Mechanism of frequency-dependent inhibition of sodium currents in frog myelinated nerve by the lidocaine derivative GEA.

1975 • 387 citations

The thickness, composition and structure of some lipid bilayers and natural membranes

1971 • 382 citations

Ionic pores, gates, and gating currents

1974 • 358 citations

Ionized calcium concentrations in squid axons.

1976 • 358 citations

Linear electrical properties of striated muscle fibres observed with intracellular electrodes

1964 • 350 citations

Density of sodium channels in mammalian myelinated nerve fibers and nature of the axonal membrane under the myelin sheath.

1977 • 349 citations

The effect of changing the internal solution on sodium inactivation and related phenomena in giant axons.

1965 • 345 citations

Complex Formation between Metallic Cations and Proteins, Peptides, and Amino Acids

1956 • 343 citations

Electrical capacity of black lipid films and of lipid bilayers made from monolayers

1975 • 336 citations

Membranes—A series of advances

1974 • 335 citations

Transport mechanism of hydrophobic ions through lipid bilayer membranes

1971 • 315 citations

An improved vaseline gap voltage clamp for skeletal muscle fibers.

1976 • 315 citations

Structure of aqueous mixtures of lecithin and cholesterol

1969 • 312 citations

The receptor for tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. A structural hypothesis

1975 • 295 citations

The action of caffeine on the activation of the contractile mechanism in striated muscle fibres

1968 • 284 citations

The pH-dependent rate of action of local anesthetics on the node of Ranvier.

1977 • 274 citations

Time Course of TEA+-Induced Anomalous Rectification in Squid Giant Axons

1966 • 272 citations

Sizes of components in frog skeletal muscle measured by methods of stereology.

1975 • 271 citations

Effects of glycerol treatment and maintained depolarization on charge movement in skeletal muscle.

1976 • 267 citations

A New Receptor Potential of the Monkey Retina with no Detectable Latency

1964 • 260 citations

Maculotoxin: A Neurotoxin from the Venom Glands of the Octopus Hapalochlaena maculosa Identified as Tetrodotoxin

1978 • 259 citations

Local anesthetics. Effect of pH on use-dependent block of sodium channels in frog muscle

1977 • 256 citations

Potassium and sodium ion current noise in the membrane of the squid giant axon.

1975 • 235 citations

The kinetics of mechanical activation in frog muscle

1969 • 227 citations

A non‐linear voltage dependent charge movement in frog skeletal muscle.

1976 • 219 citations

Potential energy barriers to ion transport within lipid bilayers. Studies with tetraphenylborate

1975 • 214 citations

The effect of diameter on the electrical constants of frog skeletal muscle fibres

1972 • 203 citations

Inactivation of sodium channels: second order kinetics in myelinated nerve

1977 • 201 citations

A new method for labelling saxitoxin and its binding to non-myelinated fibres of the rabbit vagus, lobster walking leg, and garfish olfactory nerves.

1976 • 195 citations

SELECTIVE DISRUPTION OF THE SARCOTUBULAR SYSTEM IN FROG SARTORIUS MUSCLE

1968 • 172 citations

Evidence for two types of sodium conductance in axons perfused with sodium fluoride solution

1970 • 166 citations

Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids

1974 • 159 citations

Measurement of the conductance of the sodium channel from current fluctuations at the node of Ranvier.

1976 • 158 citations

Polar group orientation and the electrical properties of lecithin bimolecular leaflets

1965 • 157 citations

The temporal and steady‐state relationships between activation of the sodium conductance and movement of the gating particles in the squid giant axon.

1976 • 155 citations

Inactivation of the Sodium Current in Myxicola Giant Axons

1972 • 147 citations

An investigation by electrical methods of lecithin-in-hydrocarbon films in aqueous solutions

1964 • 146 citations

Slow Changes of Potassium Permeability in the Squid Giant Axon

1966 • 141 citations

The optimum density of sodium channels in an unmyelinated nerve

1975 • 138 citations

The effect of the tetraethylammonium ion on the delayed currents of frog skeletal muscle

1970 • 137 citations

Measurement of calcium transients in frog muscle by the use of arsenazo III

1977 • 136 citations

Charge movement in the membrane of striated muscle.

1976 • 131 citations

The effect of holding potential on the asymmetry currents in squid giant axons

1974 • 129 citations

Analysis of the membrane capacity in frog muscle

1972 • 127 citations

Dielectric Dispersion of Crystalline Powders of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins¹

1965 • 115 citations

Gating Currents of the Sodium Channels: Three Ways to Block Them

1974 • 112 citations

Tension in Skinned Frog Muscle Fibers in Solutions of Varying Ionic Strength and Neutral Salt Composition

1973 • 111 citations

Effects of Internal Divalent Cations on Voltage-Clamped Squid Axons

1974 • 110 citations

Quantitative Description of Sodium and Potassium Currents and Computed Action Potentials in Myxicola Giant Axons

1973 • 109 citations

How many conductance states do potassium channels have?

1975 • 108 citations

The molecular organization of bimolecular lipid membranes. A study of the low frequency Maxwell-Wagner impedance dispersion

1974 • 108 citations

Asymmetrical displacement current and its relation with the activation of sodium current in the membrane of frog myelinated nerve

1976 • 106 citations

Effects of tetracaine on displacement currents and contraction of frog skeletal muscle.

1976 • 105 citations

Fluorescence intensity changes associated with contractile activation in frog muscle stained with Nile Blue A.

1975 • 104 citations

TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE OF THE SQUID GIANT AXON

1938 • 104 citations

Dielectric relaxation due to chemical rate processes

1967 • 104 citations

Sodium and potassium currents in squid axons perfused with fluoride solutions

1970 • 102 citations

Composition and energy relationships for some thin lipid films, and the chain conformation in monolayers at liquid-liquid interfaces

1970 • 102 citations

Influence of Electric Field on the Capacity of Phospholipid Membranes

1966 • 98 citations

Density and distribution of tetrodotoxin receptors in normal and detubulated frog sartorius muscle.

1976 • 98 citations

Linear Electrical Properties of the Transverse Tubules and Surface Membrane of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

1970 • 97 citations

Charge movement and mechanical repriming in skeletal muscle.

1976 • 96 citations

Tetrodotoxin binding to normal depolarized frog muscle and the conductance of a single sodium channel.

1975 • 95 citations

Analysis of the potential‐dependent changes in optical retardation in the squid giant axon

1971 • 94 citations

The relation of membrane changes to contraction in twitch muscle fibres

1969 • 94 citations

Characterization of two different membrane fractions isolated from the first stellar nerves of the squid Dosidicus gigas

1969 • 89 citations

Gating in Sodium Channels of Nerve

1976 • 85 citations

Dielectric properties of protein powders with adsorbed water

1963 • 85 citations

Membrane capacity measurements on frog skeletal muscle in media of low ion content. With an Appendix

1974 • 85 citations

The time course of potassium contracture of single muscle fibres

1972 • 84 citations

Effects of membrane potential on the capacitance of skeletal muscle fibers.

1976 • 82 citations

Impedance of Frog Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Various Solutions

1974 • 81 citations

The binding of tritiated tetrodotoxin to squid giant axons

1975 • 80 citations

A transition state theory approach to the kinetics of conductance changes in excitable membranes

1969 • 76 citations

FUNCTIONS OF THE LIPID IN BILAYER ION PERMEABILITY

1975 • 75 citations

The voltage dependence of membrane capacity.

1976 • 74 citations

Use of aminopterin in selecting electrically active neuroblastoma cells

1972 • 73 citations

IONIC CHANNELS AND GATING CURRENTS IN EXCITABLE MEMBRANES

1977 • 71 citations

A large birefringence signal preceding contraction in single twitch fibres of the frog.

1977 • 68 citations

Kinetics of Channel Gating in Excitable Membranes

1976 • 68 citations

Asymmetrical displacement currents in nerve cell membrane and effect of internal fluoride

1977 • 68 citations

Inactivation of the asymmetrical displacement current in giant axons of Loligo forbesi.

1977 • 66 citations

Calcium transients in amphibian muscle

1975 • 65 citations

The influence of pH on equilibrium effects of tetrodotoxin on myelinated nerve fibres of Rana esculenta.

1975 • 61 citations

Simultaneous changes in fluorescence and optical retardation in single muscle fibres during activity

1975 • 60 citations

Voltage dependence of bilayer membrane capacitance

1972 • 60 citations

Advances in Protein Chemistry

1956 • 59 citations

CURRENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IONIC GATING STRUCTURES IN NERVE MEMBRANE^fn1

1975 • 57 citations

Temperature-dependent structural changes in planar bilayer membranes: Solvent “freeze-out”

1974 • 57 citations

Kinetic properties and inactivation of the gating currents of sodium channels in squid axon

1975 • 57 citations

Characteristics of the sodium gating current in the squid giant axon.

1973 • 56 citations

Passive electrical properties of squid axon membrane

1974 • 56 citations

A gating signal for the potassium channel?

1977 • 56 citations

Differential effects of glycerol treatment on membrane capacity and excitation—contraction coupling in toad sartorius fibres. With an Appendix

1973 • 56 citations

Electrical properties of frog skeletal muscle fibers interpreted with a mesh model of the tubular system

1977 • 54 citations

Differential effects of tetracaine on delayed potassium channels and displacement currents in frog skeletal muscle.

1976 • 53 citations

Internal recording of the early receptor potential in turtle cones.

1977 • 52 citations

Intracellularly recorded early receptor potential of the vertebrate photoreceptors

1970 • 51 citations

On the relation between displacement currents and activation of the sodium conductance in the squid giant axon

1975 • 46 citations

The effect of low temperature on the excitation‐contraction coupling phenomena of frog single muscle fibres

1972 • 45 citations

Gating Currents Associated with Sodium and Calcium Currents in an Aplysia Neuron

1976 • 44 citations

Properties of the Sodium Channel Gating Current

1976 • 42 citations

The effect of zinc ions on the gating of the delayed potassium conductance of frog sartorius muscle.

1975 • 42 citations

Conduction velocity and gating current in the squid giant axon

1975 • 42 citations

Gating currents in the node of Ranvier: voltage and time dependence

1975 • 41 citations

Morphology and accessibility of the ‘transverse’ tubular system in frog sartorius muscle after glycerol treatment

1973 • 40 citations

Membrane Currents Examined Under Voltage Clamp in Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells

1977 • 40 citations

Contractile Activation in Frog Skeletal Muscle

1974 • 34 citations

Anomalous dielectric dispersion in bimolecular lipid membranes

1970 • 34 citations

The rate of action of tetrodotoxin on sodium conductance in the squid giant axon

1975 • 34 citations

The molecular organization of nerve membranes

1971 • 34 citations

Membrane capacity of squid giant axon during hyper- and depolarizations

1976 • 33 citations

Impedance of the squid axon membrane

1965 • 32 citations

Slow recovery of sodium current and 'gating current' from inactivation.

1977 • 31 citations

The optical properties of birefringence signals from single muscle fibres.

1977 • 31 citations

Membrane physiology of nerve and muscle fibres.

1976 • 30 citations

On the Theory of Ion Transport Across the Nerve Membrane, VI. Free Energy and Activation Free Energies of Conformational Change

1972 • 30 citations

Resistivity of axoplasm. I. Resistivity of extruded squid axoplasm.

1975 • 29 citations

Increased optical transparency associated with excitation–contraction coupling in voltage-clamped cut skeletal muscle fibres

1977 • 28 citations

Birefringence signals from surface and t‐system membranes of frog single muscle fibres.

1977 • 28 citations

SOME DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE MEMBRANE AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPORTANCE FOR EXCITATION‐CONTRACTION COUPLING^fn1

1975 • 28 citations

The effect of zinc on the late displacement current in squid giant axons.

1976 • 27 citations

Sodium gating currents in Myxicola giant axons

1976 • 23 citations

Voltage and Current Clamp Transients with Membrane Dielectric Loss

1973 • 22 citations

Dipole moment, enthalpy, and entropy changes of Hodgkin-Huxley type kinetic units

1975 • 21 citations

Block of gating currents by ultraviolet radiation in the membrane of myelinated nerve

1976 • 21 citations

Gating Mechanism for the Activation of the Sodium Conductance in Nerve Membranes

1976 • 21 citations

Asymmetrical currents and sodium currents in Ranvier nodes exposed to DDT

1977 • 20 citations

Medium Energy Inelastic Hadron Scattering and Nuclear Structure

1976 • 18 citations

Electrical properties of the squid axon sheath

1976 • 18 citations

Observations on intramembrane charge movements in skeletal muscle

1975 • 17 citations

An octopus toxin, maculotoxin, selectively blocks sodium current in squid axons.

1976 • 17 citations

The molecular organization of nerve membranes

1972 • 16 citations

Local anesthetics and excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. Effects on a Ca++-channel [proceedings]

1977 • 15 citations

Time-course of potential spread along a skeletal muscle fiber under voltage clamp.

1976 • 12 citations

Dielectric behavior of biological macromolecules

1974 • 12 citations

[Displacement currents associated with activation of the gating mechanism of calcium channels in nerve cell membranes].

1976 • 10 citations

Gating currents: the role of nonlinear capacitative currents of electrostrictive origin

1977 • 9 citations

Electrical properties of squid axon membrane. II. Effect of partial degradation by phospholipase A and pronase on electrical characteristics

1975 • 7 citations

The binding of labelled saxitoxin to normal and denervated muscle [proceedings].

1976 • 7 citations

Structure of Promoter Regions on Bacteriophage fd DNA

1977 • 6 citations

Relaxation processes in dielectrics

1965 • 6 citations

Observations of sodium channel activation gating in squid axons internally perfused with pronase or N bromoacetamide

1977 • 3 citations

E. E. Bittar (Editor), Membranes and Ion Transport, Vol. II. 293 S., 41 Abb., 20 Tab. London – New York – Sidney – Toronto 1970: Wiley Interscience, John Wiley & Sons 110s

1971 • 3 citations

Voltage activation of contraction in single fibers of frog striated muscle.

1972 • 2 citations

The Molecular Organisation of the Sodium Channels in Nerve

1977 • 1 citations

Electrical impedance of excitable membranes.

1977 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations