Epidemiology of Stroke

Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial

2002 • 15,184 citations

Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories

1998 • 9,392 citations

Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)

1994 • 8,631 citations

Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients

2000 • 8,612 citations

The Effect of Pravastatin on Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Average Cholesterol Levels

1996 • 7,450 citations

Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia

1995 • 7,378 citations

Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study.

1991 • 7,128 citations

MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial

2002 • 6,780 citations

Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38

1998 • 6,576 citations

The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure

1997 • 5,689 citations

Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)

2002 • 5,558 citations

Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Death with Pravastatin in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and a Broad Range of Initial Cholesterol Levels

1998 • 5,229 citations

Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38

1998 • 4,813 citations

Validation of Clinical Classification Schemes for Predicting Stroke

2001 • 4,810 citations

Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease

1990 • 4,424 citations

Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease *1Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias

1990 • 4,310 citations

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study

1979 • 4,047 citations

Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial

2003 • 3,816 citations

A Quantitative Assessment of Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease

1995 • 3,645 citations

Comparison of C-Reactive Protein and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in the Prediction of First Cardiovascular Events

2002 • 3,483 citations

Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack

2001 • 3,093 citations

Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension

1997 • 2,965 citations

Silent Brain Infarcts and the Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline

2003 • 2,195 citations

Vitamin Status and Intake as Primary Determinants of Homocysteinemia in an Elderly Population

1993 • 1,920 citations

Temporal Relations of Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure and Their Joint Influence on Mortality

2003 • 1,869 citations

Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms — Risk of Rupture and Risks of Surgical Intervention

1998 • 1,810 citations

Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study.

1991 • 1,753 citations

Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke

1993 • 1,718 citations

Fibrinogen as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

1984 • 1,686 citations

A Prospective Study of Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in US Physicians

1992 • 1,686 citations

MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RESULTS FROM THE EUROPEAN WORKING PARTY ON HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE ELDERLY TRIAL*1, *2

1985 • 1,482 citations

Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group

1991 • 1,361 citations

Lowering Homocysteine in Patients With Ischemic Stroke to Prevent Recurrent Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Death

2004 • 1,360 citations

Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study

1987 • 1,246 citations

Association between Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations and Extracranial Carotid-Artery Stenosis

1995 • 1,244 citations

Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study

1987 • 1,213 citations

Serum Cholesterol Levels and Six-Year Mortality from Stroke in 350,977 Men Screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial

1989 • 1,123 citations

Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial

1996 • 1,088 citations

Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Risk of Ischemic Stroke

1999 • 1,084 citations

Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke.

1989 • 1,053 citations

Total Plasma Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Risk Profile

1995 • 1,048 citations

Effect of Diuretic-Based Antihypertensive Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Diabetic Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension

1996 • 942 citations

A Prospective Study of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease and Stroke in Women

1988 • 921 citations

A Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy after Ischemic Stroke

2001 • 906 citations

Prospective study of serum total homocysteine concentration and risk of stroke in middle-aged British men

1995 • 899 citations

Contribution of Atrial Fibrillation to Incidence and Outcome of Ischemic Stroke

2005 • 888 citations

Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group.

1994 • 887 citations

Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13 000 strokes in 450 000 people in 45 prospective cohorts

1995 • 852 citations

Plasma Concentration of C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: The Framingham Study

2001 • 799 citations

Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials

1994 • 794 citations

An Analysis of the Lowest Effective Intensity of Prophylactic Anticoagulation for Patients with Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation

1996 • 780 citations

Stroke Incidence and Survival Among Middle-Aged Adults

1999 • 778 citations

Infarcts of undetermined cause: The NINCDS stroke data bank

1989 • 770 citations

A Risk Score for Predicting Stroke or Death in Individuals With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Community

2003 • 765 citations

A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes

1995 • 759 citations

Effects of Ramipril and Vitamin E on Atherosclerosis

2001 • 726 citations

Statins do more than just lower cholesterol

1996 • 714 citations

Stroke Incidence among White, Black, and Hispanic Residents of an Urban Community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

1998 • 712 citations

Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study.

1994 • 702 citations

Ischemic Stroke Subtypes

1999 • 689 citations

Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: a study of 7 families

1995 • 654 citations

The Effect of Warfarin on Mortality and Reinfarction after Myocardial Infarction

1990 • 651 citations

A Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of Stroke in Women

1997 • 607 citations

Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study

1996 • 606 citations

Effects of Diet and Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure: Subgroup Analysis of the DASH-Sodium Trial

2001 • 599 citations

Arrhythmias and the “Holiday Heart”: Alcoholassociated cardiac rhythm disorders

1978 • 595 citations

Ventricular Dysfunction and the Risk of Stroke after Myocardial Infarction

1997 • 591 citations

The Risk for and Severity of Bleeding Complications in Elderly Patients Treated with Warfarin

1996 • 559 citations

An analysis of the lowest effective intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation for patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation

1997 • 556 citations

Survival and recurrence following stroke. The Framingham study.

1982 • 550 citations

Physical Activity and Risk of Stroke in Women

2000 • 546 citations

Intake of Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Stroke in Women

2001 • 481 citations

Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Framingham Study

1987 • 472 citations

Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community

1994 • 472 citations

Carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocyst(e)ine in asymptomatic adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

1993 • 460 citations

Effects of Losartan on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

2002 • 455 citations

American Heart Association Prevention Conference IV: Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke

1997 • 455 citations

Magnetic resonance abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study.

1994 • 447 citations

Reduction of Stroke Incidence After Myocardial Infarction With Pravastatin

1999 • 439 citations

Optimal Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation and Recent Cerebral Ischemia

1995 • 426 citations

Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial

2002 • 421 citations

Smoking Cessation and Decreased Risk of Stroke in Women

1993 • 421 citations

Stroke in a Biracial Population

2004 • 408 citations

Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage

1984 • 403 citations

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Low Pyridoxal Phosphate

1995 • 401 citations

Ischemic Stroke Risk With Oral Contraceptives

2000 • 397 citations

A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of ischemic stroke.

1994 • 386 citations

Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population

1993 • 386 citations

Thickening of the Carotid Wall

1996 • 381 citations

Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan.

1989 • 367 citations

Precursors of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the Framingham Study

1994 • 349 citations

Alcohol and Hemorrhagic Stroke

1986 • 347 citations

Analysis of Risk Factors for Stroke in a Cohort of Men Born in 1913

1987 • 343 citations

Stroke in Users of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives

1996 • 335 citations

A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians

1992 • 329 citations

Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study

1996 • 323 citations

Plasma Lipid Profile and Incident Ischemic Stroke

2003 • 318 citations

History of migraine and risk of cerebral ischaemia in young adults

1996 • 310 citations

Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program.

1989 • 308 citations

The Ankle-Brachial Index in the Elderly and Risk of Stroke, Coronary Disease, and Death

2003 • 308 citations

Risk of Stroke in Male Cigarette Smokers

1986 • 306 citations

Whole Grain Consumption and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Women

2000 • 306 citations

Body Size and Fat Distribution as Predictors of Stroke among US Men

1996 • 304 citations

Determinants of early recurrence of cerebral infarction. The Stroke Data Bank.

1989 • 303 citations

Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged Women

1988 • 297 citations

Left Ventricular Mass and Risk of Stroke in an Elderly Cohort

1994 • 288 citations

Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation

1998 • 286 citations

Exercise and Risk of Stroke in Male Physicians

1999 • 283 citations

Moderate alcohol consumption and stroke. The epidemiologic evidence.

1989 • 275 citations

Atrial Fibrillation and Thromboembolism: A Decade of Progress in Stroke Prevention

1999 • 271 citations

Asymptomatic carotid bruit and risk of stroke. The Framingham study

1981 • 270 citations

Components of blood pressure and risk of atherothrombotic brain infarction: the Framingham study.

1976 • 268 citations

Treatment of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Blood Pressure Goals, Choice of Agents, and Setting Priorities in Diabetes Care

2003 • 266 citations

A Prospective Study of Past Use of Oral Contraceptive Agents and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases

1988 • 261 citations

Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men.

1992 • 257 citations

Familial aggregation of stroke. The Framingham Study.

1993 • 256 citations

Physical Activity in Older Middle-aged Men and Reduced Risk of Stroke: The Honolulu Heart Program

1994 • 253 citations

Cigarette smoking, hypertension and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a population-based case-control study.

1986 • 250 citations

Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study compared to the findings of the Framingham study.

1976 • 247 citations

Oral Contraceptives and Cardiovascular Disease

1981 • 239 citations

DIABETES MELLITUS: AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR STROKE?

1988 • 237 citations

Glucose intolerance and 22-year stroke incidence. The Honolulu Heart Program.

1994 • 237 citations

Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study

1995 • 230 citations

Migraine and Subsequent Risk of Stroke in the Physicians' Health Study

1995 • 222 citations

Relation of Consumption of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Carotenoids to Risk for Stroke among Men in the United States

1999 • 221 citations

Cholesterol Reduction and the Risk for Stroke in Men

1993 • 216 citations

National Patterns of Warfarin Use in Atrial Fibrillation

1996 • 215 citations

A Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and a Low Risk for Stroke While Taking Aspirin

2003 • 214 citations

Ximelagatran compared with warfarin for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: rationale, objectives, and design of a pair of clinical studies and baseline patient characteristics (SPORTIF III and V)

2003 • 213 citations

Physical Activity and Stroke Risk: The Framingham Study

1994 • 209 citations

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality by Stroke Subtype in the United States, 1995-1998

2001 • 207 citations

Physical Activity and Stroke Incidence in Women and Men: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

1996 • 201 citations

THE PARADOX OF HIGH RISK OF STROKE IN POPULATION WITH LOW RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

1990 • 198 citations

IS INADEQUATE BREAST-FEEDING AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF FAILURE TO THRIVE?

1979 • 195 citations

Nonhemorrhagic Cerebral Infarction in Young Adults

1986 • 186 citations

Prevalence of silent stroke in patients presenting with initial stroke: the Framingham Study.

1989 • 180 citations

Metabolic Syndrome Compared With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Stroke

2006 • 176 citations

Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study

1996 • 174 citations

Determinants of Isolated Systolic Hypertension

1988 • 174 citations

Fibrinogen in relation to personal history of prevalent hypertension, diabetes, stroke, intermittent claudication, coronary heart disease, and family history: the Scottish Heart Health Study.

1993 • 171 citations

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Ischemic Stroke

2002 • 168 citations

Ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation

1993 • 165 citations

Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group

1996 • 161 citations

Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study

1988 • 154 citations

Representativeness of the Framingham risk model for coronary heart disease mortality: A comparison with a national cohort study

1987 • 149 citations

Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and non-valvular heart disease.

1983 • 149 citations

Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men. Implications of shared risk.

1994 • 132 citations

Relation between blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. A review.

1988 • 130 citations

Racial Disparities in Stroke Risk Factors

2005 • 130 citations

Serum Vitamin C Concentration Was Inversely Associated With Subsequent 20-Year Incidence of Stroke in a Japanese Rural Community

2000 • 124 citations

Silent stroke in the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank

1988 • 120 citations

FURTHER ANALYSES OF MORTALITY IN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USERS *1Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study

1981 • 120 citations

The Relationship Between Fish Consumption and Stroke Incidence

1996 • 118 citations

The relationship between fish consumption and stroke incidence. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

1996 • 116 citations

Plasma Fibrinogen: Levels and Correlates in Young Adults

1993 • 116 citations

Epidemiologic methods

1961 • 105 citations

Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception.

1996 • 105 citations

The status of alcohol as a risk factor for stroke.

1989 • 101 citations

Relationship between Plasma Homocysteine, Vitamin Status and Extracranial Carotid-Artery Stenosis in the Framingham Study Population

1996 • 100 citations

Silent Brain Infarcts in Patients With Manifest Vascular Disease

2004 • 95 citations

Elevated Midlife Blood Pressure Increases Stroke Risk in Elderly Persons

2001 • 87 citations

Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. The Honolulu Heart Program

1986 • 84 citations

Cholesterol and carotid atherosclerosis in older persons: The framingham study

1992 • 78 citations

Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women

1993 • 75 citations

Cigarette smoking and subarachnoid haemorrhage: a population-based case-control study.

1987 • 70 citations

Can ethanol intoxication affect hernocoagulation to increase the risk of brain infarction in young adults?

1983 • 66 citations

The Epidemiological Association between Blood Pressure and Stroke: Implications for Primary and Secondary Prevention

1994 • 65 citations

A prospective study of body mass index, weight change, and risk of stroke in women

1997 • 62 citations

Alcohol and strokes in young adults

1985 • 49 citations

National patterns of warfarin use in atrial fibrillation

1996 • 43 citations

Left ventricular mass and risk of stroke in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study

1994 • 39 citations

Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension

1988 • 28 citations

Syst-Eur—A Multicenter Trial on the Treatment of Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly

1992 • 27 citations

The role of impaired cardiac function in atherothrombotic brain infarction: the Framingham study.

1973 • 24 citations

The relationship between fish consumption and stroke incidence. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)

1996 • 18 citations

Homocysteine and marginal vitamin deficiency. The importance of adequate vitamin intake

1993 • 11 citations

Folate and cardiovascular disease. Why we need a trial now

1996 • 7 citations

Plasma C-Reactive Protein, Systolic Hypertension and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and TIA: The Framingham Study

2001 • 3 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations